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EPHE 241 > Nervous System III - Sensory Physiology > Flashcards

Nervous System III - Sensory Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

In a sensory unit, all receptors are ________

A

The same type

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2
Q

Opiate NTs act via what action?

A

Binding with opiate receptors on afferent pain-fibres to block transmission of pain signal

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3
Q

What type of pain can be felt in both superficial and deeper tissues and organs?

A

Slow pain

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4
Q

Sensation produced by slow pain fibres

A

Dull aching

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5
Q

_____ ________: age-related hearing loss

A

Neural presbycusis

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6
Q

An adequate stimulus for a given receptor involved a stimulus whose….?

A

Modality is specific to that receptor, and is the modality for which that receptor is most sensitive

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7
Q

Autonomic response to pain

A

Increase in BP and HR, epinephrine, blood glucose, sweating, and pupil dilation

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8
Q

Three components of sound

A

Pitch, loudness, timbre

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9
Q

Reactions to pain:

A

Pain sensation, autonomic responses, and emotional responses

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10
Q

Stimulus intensity is coded via…?

A

Frequency of APs and recruitment

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11
Q

Adaptation results in a ________‘d perception of stimulus

A

Decreased

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12
Q

The receptor function of signal transduction is the…?

A

The type of information that is being conveyed

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13
Q

Stereocilia of hair cells inter-connected via

A

Protein bridges

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14
Q

Transduction is defined as…?

A

Conversion of stimulus energy into electrical enegency

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15
Q

Loudness is coded by…?

A

Intensity coding; amplitude of wave coded in degree of deflection and resulting ion influx

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16
Q

Sensory receptors create a …… potential

A

Graded

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17
Q

Three ear ossicles (in order)

A

Stapes, incus, malleus

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18
Q

Population coding, aka________:

A

recruitment; stronger stimulus activates more receptors from the same or different afferent neurons

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19
Q

Perception is defined as…?

A

Conscious interpretation of external world

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20
Q

Response stimulus for 2 types of cold activated thermoreceptors

A

Also respond to menthol and eucalyptus oil; one responds to mustard oil, garlic, and cinnamon

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21
Q

Response stimulus for 4 types of heat activated thermoreceptors

A

2 are found in nociceptors and respond to temps above 42 degrees C; 1 responds to camphor (warming chemical); 1 responds to capcasin

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22
Q

Three types of nociceptors

A

Mechanical, thermal, polymodal

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23
Q

Audition: second order neuron synapses with third order neuron in ________

A

Medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus

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24
Q

Fibres in slow pain receptors

A

Unmyelinated c fibres

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25
Q

The modality of of signal transduction is the…?

A

energy form of stimulus

26
Q

Hair cells synapse on afferent axons of CN ____

A

VIII

27
Q

Pitch is coded for by…?

A

Location of deflection on the basilar membrane

28
Q

Fibres in fast pain receptors

A

Myelinated a delta fibres

29
Q

Coding of stimulus location is done by way of….

A

Receptive fields in somatic senses and vision (size of receptive field and degree of overlap) and lateral inhibition

30
Q

Localization ability of fast pain fibres

A

Well localized

31
Q

Gate-control theory of pain:

A

mechanical stimulation can suppress pain sensation by way of a-beta fibre from mechanoreceptor—exciting—> inhibitory interneuron —-inhibits—-> second-order neuron; suppresses pain signal from traveling up to brain

32
Q

Receptor potentials are _____ potentials, caused by_______

A

Graded potentials; caused by the opening and closing of ion channels

33
Q

_______ deafness caused by inadequate transduction of sound waves to electrical signals in inner ear

A

Sensorineural deafness

34
Q

Localization ability of slow pain fibres

A

Poor localization

35
Q

Law of specific nerve energies says that

A

Receptors show specificity to one modality

36
Q

Adaptation is defined as…?

A

A decrease in amplitude of a receptor potential over time in presence of a constant stimulus

37
Q

________ deafness is caused by damage to the neural pathway for sound

A

Central deafness

38
Q

Characteristics of warm thermoreceptors

A

Free nerve endings, respond to temperatures 30-45 degrees C, increase frequency in temperature

39
Q

Adaptation results in a corresponding decrease in _______ of AP

A

Frequency

40
Q

The receptor potentials are defined as…?

A

The change in membrane potential in response to a stimulus acting on a sensory receptor

41
Q

_______ deafness is caused by inadequate conduction of sound waves through external and/or middle ear

A

Conductive deafness

42
Q

three types of opiate receptor NTs

A

Endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphines

43
Q

Sensation produced by fast pain fibres

A

Sharp pricking sensation

44
Q

A sensory unit is defined as….?

A

A single afferent neuron plus all of the receptors associated with it

45
Q

Audition: third-order neuron synapses in ________

A

Auditory cortex

46
Q

Perception of pain is based on:

A

Past experiences

47
Q

Opiate NT serve as?

A

Analgesics

48
Q

Axons of hair cells make up ____ nerve

A

Cochlear nerve

49
Q

Depolarization of hair cells caused by

A

Mechanical bending towards tall stereocilia

50
Q

Hyperpolarization of hair cells caused by

A

Mechanical bending towards short steriocilia

51
Q

Sound amplification in middle ear

A

sound waves strike tympanic membrane -> movement of ossicles (amplification) -> movement of oval window (amplification)

52
Q

Information from the PNS to the CNS from the internal environment is called….?

A

Visceral afferent

53
Q

Two point discrimination

A

Ability to perceive two points on skin

54
Q

Definition of visceral pain:

A

Pain originating in internal organs, which has a sensation referred to the body surface

55
Q

Two regions that help suppress transmission in pain pathways

A

Periqueductal gray matter and reticular formation

56
Q

The CNS codes for stimulus type by…?

A

Receptor type activated, specific pathway activated, and occasionally by integration from different sensory systems

57
Q

Mechanism of referred pain

A

2nd order neuron receives info from somatic afferents and visceral afferents, so based on history, the brain thinks pain signal is coming from somatic input

58
Q

Cochlear nerve enters brainstem and synapses with….

A

Second-order neuron

59
Q

Characteristics of cold receptors

A

Possible free nerve ending, respond to temps below 35 degrees C, increase frequency with decrease in temperature

60
Q

Pain response comes from…?

A

A sensation produced by tissue damaging stimulus, or a stimulus that could potentially cause tissue damage

61
Q

Auditory cortex has a _________ map

A

Frequency

EPHE 241 (10 decks)

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