Nervous System II - Synapses

Question 1

Process by which many neurons project onto one postsynaptic neuron

Answer 1

Convergence

Question 2

Two types of post-synaptic activation

Answer 2

EPSP - excitatory post synaptic potential IPSP - inhibitory post synaptic potential

Question 3

EPSPs ___polarize the postsynaptic membrane

Answer 3

Depolarize

Question 4

Two types of synapses

Answer 4

1. Electrical 2. Chemical

Question 5

Mechanisms of presynaptic modulation

Answer 5

1. NT levels 2. Ca2+ levels 3. Presynaptic facilitation 4. Presynaptic inhibition

Question 6

Synapse of an axon with another axon

Answer 6

Axoaxonic synapse

Question 7

The adding effects of graded potentials are referred to as __________

Answer 7

Summation

Question 8

Post synaptic activations are caused by ______ channel activation, leading to a change in __________

Answer 8

Ligand-gated channel activation (via NT) Leads to a change in postsynaptic potential

Question 9

Synapses occur in which two locations

Answer 9

1. Another neuron 2. Effector organs

Question 10

Process by which one neuron projects onto many

Answer 10

Divergence

Question 11

IPSPs ___polarize the postsynaptic membrane

Answer 11

Hyperpolarize

Question 12

Two types of summation

Answer 12

Temporal and spatial

Question 14

Eight phases of communication across a synapse from 1. Action potential to removal of NT (6-8)

Answer 14

1. AP 2. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open 3. Ca2+ triggers vehicle exocytosis 4. NT diffuses into synapse and binds to receptor 5. Cellular response Removal of NT via: 6. Depredation 7. Reuptake 8. Diffusion

Question 15

Inhibitory NTs cause ___ and ____ channels to open, causing ___ influx and ___ efflux

Answer 15

K+ and Cl- channels open; K+ efflux and Cl- influx

Question 16

Synapse of an axon and a dendrite

Answer 16

Axodendritic synapse

Question 17

_____________: the summing of input from various synapses at the axon hillock of the post-synaptic neuron

Answer 17

Neural integration

Question 18

Synapse of an axon with a cell body

Answer 18

Axosomatic synapse

Question 19

Postsynaptic mechanisms (4)

Answer 19

1. The many types of receptors for each type of NT 2. Receptor desensitization 3. Electrical state of postsynaptic membrane 4. Drugs and diseases

Question 20

How much is the synaptic delay between arrive of AP and change in postsynaptic Vm

Answer 20

0.5-5 mace

Question 21

Type of synapse that allows for presynaptic facilitation and inhibition

Answer 21

Axoaxonic

Question 22

The regulation of communication across a synapse

Answer 22

Presynaptic modulation

Question 23

Neural toxins that prevent inhibition

Answer 23

Tetanus, strychnine