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Biological Psychology > Nervous System - Exam 1 > Flashcards

Nervous System - Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

A

Central and peripheral

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2
Q

What are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Somatic and autonomic

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3
Q

What are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system?

A

The sympathetic and parasympathetic

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4
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do?

A

Controls voluntary movements

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5
Q

Define dorsal

A

Above

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6
Q

Define medial

A

Middle

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7
Q

Define anterior

A

Front

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8
Q

Define posterior

A

Behind

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9
Q

Define lateral

A

Side

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10
Q

Define ventral

A

Below

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11
Q

When after conception does the CNS begin to develop?

A

18 days after conception

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12
Q

Where does development of the CNS begin?

A

The neural plate

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13
Q

What are the 4 sections of the brain?

A

The hindbrain, midbrain, subcortical areas of the forebrain, and the cortex

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14
Q

Where is the hindbrain?

A

Sits on top of the spinal cord

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15
Q

Where’s the midbrain?

A

On top of the hindbrain

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16
Q

Where’s the subcortical areas of the forebrain?

A

On top of the midbrain

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17
Q

Where’s the cortex?

A

The outside of the brain

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18
Q

What are the two systems that support and protect the brain?

A

The meninges and ventricles

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19
Q

What is the brain’s protection system?

A

The meninges

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20
Q

What does the meninges do?

A

It’s wrapped around the brain to keep it safe from injury

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21
Q

What do the ventricles do?

A

They’re a scaffold for the brain tissue and keeps it secure and in place

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22
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges?

A

The dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater

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23
Q

What layer of the brain is filled with CSF?

A

The arachnoid mater

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24
Q

What layer of the brain adheres to the surface of the brain and has a rich supply of blood?

A

The pia mater

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25
Q

What causes headaches?

A

The nerves in the meninges alert you to swollen blood vessels in the meninges

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26
Q

Where does the word meningitis come from?

A

The meninges

27
Q

What is the ventricle system?

A

A set of four interconnected ventricles in the brain that are filled with CSF

28
Q

Where are the ventricles located?

A

Two lateral ventricles, one central ventricle in the middle, and one central ventricle just above the spinal cord

29
Q

What produces CSF?

A

The choroid plexus of all 4 ventricles produces CSF

30
Q

What does the CSF do?

A

It keeps the brain buoyant, delivers nutrients and removes waste, and compensates for changes in blood volume in the brain

31
Q

What two arteries supply the blood to the brain?

A

The carotid artery and the vertebral artery

32
Q

What do the carotid and vertebral arteries branch off into?

A

The anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and posterior cerebral artery

33
Q

What does the anterior cerebral artery do?

A

It supplies blood to the front middle areas

34
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery do?

A

It supplies blood to the side areas

35
Q

What does the posterior artery do?

A

It supplies blood to the back underside areas

36
Q

If there is a sudden change in blood flow to the brain, what happens?

A

A stroke

37
Q

What are the two types of stroke?

A

Hemorrhagic bleed (20%) and ischemic block (80%)

38
Q

What causes a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

An aneurysm or high blood pressure

39
Q

What are the 3 main structures of the hindbrain?

A

The medulla, pons, and cerebellum

40
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

If receives information from the sensory systems and regulates motor movements including balance and speech

41
Q

What does the pons do?

A

It controls facial sensation, eye movements, facial expressions, carrying sound to your brain, and breathing

42
Q

What does the medulla do?

A

It controls vital reflexes such as breathing, heart rate, coughing, and vasometrics

43
Q

Where is the midbrain and what does it do?

A

It’s just above the pons and transmits and initially processes visual and auditory information that should be responded to quickly

44
Q

What is the forebrain divided into?

A

Sub-cortical structures and the cerebral cortex; it’s also divided into 2 hemispheres

45
Q

What does the forebrain do?

A

Each side of the forebrain receives sensory information and controls motor movements from the opposite side of the body

46
Q

Name the subcortical structures

A

The thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, the limbic system, and the hippocampus

47
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

It’s a relay station for all sensory information

48
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

It’s a gateway from the nervous system to the endocrine system; it’s involved in hormone production and autonomic functions

49
Q

What do the basal ganglia do?

A

They are involved in motor planning and executing voluntary movements

50
Q

What does the limbic system do?

A

It controls the basic emotions and drives

51
Q

Where is the amygdala located?

A

Within the limbic system

52
Q

What are the names of the two bundles of neuron fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex?

A

The corpus callosum and the anterior commissure

53
Q

What do the neuron fiber bundles that connect the cerebral cortex do?

A

They integrate motor, sensory, and cognitive functions between the 2 hemispheres

54
Q

What are the two types of matter found in the cerebral cortex?

A

White and gray matter

55
Q

What are the bumps on the brain surface called?

A

Gyri

56
Q

What are the ridges on the brain surface called?

A

Sulci

57
Q

How many layers does the cortex have?

A

6 layers parallel to the surface, and multiple vertical columns

58
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?

A

The frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes

59
Q

What does the occipital lobe do?

A

It processes visual input

60
Q

What does the temporal lobe do?

A

It processes auditory information and helps form memories (thanks to the hippocampus)

61
Q

What does the parietal lobe do?

A

It processes touch sensations

62
Q

What does the frontal lobe do?

A

It controls fine motor movements, reasoning, higher level cognition, and expressive language

63
Q

What does the sensorimotor cortex do?

A

The motor cortex deals with motor output and the somatosensory cortex processes sensory input

Biological Psychology (7 decks)

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