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NPTE -- Neuro > Nervous System Divisions > Flashcards

Nervous System Divisions Flashcards

1
Q

CNS - Parts of the Brain (3)

A
  1. Forebrain or Prosencephalon [includes telencephalon, diencephalon]
  2. Midbrain or Mesencephalong [includes tectum, tegementum]
  3. Hindbrain or Rhombencephalon [includes metencephalon, myelencephalon]
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2
Q

CNS - Telencephalon (4)

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Hippocampus
  3. Basal Ganglia
  4. Amygdala
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3
Q

CNS - Diencephalon (4)

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Subthalamus
  4. Epithalamus

Function: interactive site between CNS and endocrine/limbic system, where major motor and sensory tracts synapse

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4
Q

CNS - Tectum (2)

A
  1. Superior Colliculi
  2. Inferior Colliculi
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5
Q

CNS - Tegmentum (5)

A
  1. Cerebral Aqueduct
  2. Periaqueductal Gray
  3. Reticular Formation
  4. Substantia Nigra
  5. Red Nucleus
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6
Q

CNS - Metencephalon (2)

A
  1. Cerebellum
  2. Pons
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7
Q

CNS - Myelencephalon

A

Medulla Oblongata

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8
Q

CNS - Brainstem (3)

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla Oblongata
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9
Q

PNS (2)

A
  1. 12 Cranial Nerves
  2. 31 Pairs of Spinal Nerves
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10
Q

PNS - Spinal Nerves (5)

A
  1. 8 Cervical
  2. 12 Thoracic
  3. 5 Lumbar
  4. 5 Sacral
  5. 1 Coccygeal
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11
Q

PNS - Spinal Nerve Roots

A

Anterior = Efferent (away from CNS), Motor

Posterior = Afferent (toward CNS), Sensory

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12
Q

Ganglia

A

Clusters/Swellings of cells that give rise to peripheral/central nerve fibers

Can be snesory or autonomic

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13
Q

ANS - Neurotransmitters

A

Sympathetic = Norepinephrine

Parasympathetic = Acetylcholine

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14
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Peripheral and motor nerve fibers, voluntary movement, all five senses

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15
Q

CNS - Cerebrum (2)

A
  1. Outer surface = gray matter
  2. Interior = white matter
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16
Q

CNS - Cerebrum Fissures (2)

A
  1. Interhemispheric (medial longitudinal)
  2. Sylvian (lateral): anterior separates temporal/frontal lobes, posterior separates temporal/parietal lobes
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17
Q

CNS - Cerebrum Sulci (3)

A
  1. Central Sulcus: separates frontal/parietal lobes laterally
  2. Parieto-Occipital Sulcus: separates parietal and occipital loes medially
  3. Calcarine Sulcus: separates occipital lobe into superior/inferior havles
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18
Q

CNS - Cerebrum Left Hemisphere Dominance (11)

A

APPLE SCRUML

Analytical

Process verbally coded information

Produce written/spoken language

Logical

Express + emotions

Sequence/perform movement

Rational

Understand Language

Mathematical calculation

Language

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19
Q

CNS - Cerebrum Right Hemisphere Dominance (12)

A

MEN BUHN SHACK

Mathematical reasoning

Express negative emotions

Nonverbal communications

Body Image Awareness

Understand Music

Holistic Information Processing

Nonverbal Processing

Spatial Relationships

Hand-Eye Coordination

Artistic

Comprehension

Kinesthetic Awarenss

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20
Q

CNS Cerebrum - Frontal Lobe Function (5)

A

EXECUTIVE FUNCTION

  1. Voluntary movement
  2. Intellect
  3. Broca’s Area (speech, concentration)
  4. Personality/Temper/Behavior
  5. Judgement/Reasoning
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21
Q

CNS Cerebrum - Frontal Lobe Impairment (5)

A
  1. Contralateral weakness
  2. Perseveration
  3. Broca’s aphasia
  4. Inattention/Poor Concentration
  5. Personality Change
22
Q

CNS Cerebrum - Parietal Lobe Function (4)

A
  1. Sense of touch
  2. Provides meaning for objects
  3. Interprets language/words
  4. Spatial/visual perception
23
Q

CNS Cerebrum - Parietal Lobe Impairment (5)

A
  1. Dominant Hemisphere = Agraphia/Alexia/Agnosia
  2. Nondominant Hemisphere = apraxia, anosognosia
  3. Contralateral sensory deficits
  4. Impaired languate comprehension
  5. Impaired taste
24
Q

CNS Cerebrum - Temporal Lobe Function (4)

A
  1. Primary auditory processing
  2. Primary olfaction processing
  3. Wernicke’s Area (understand/produce meaninful speech/language)
  4. Interpret others’ emotions/reactions
25
Q

CNS Cerebrum - Temporal Lobe Impairment

A
  1. Learning deficits
  2. Wernicke’s aphasia
  3. Antisocial/Aggressive
  4. Difficulty with facial recognition/memory
  5. Inability to categorize objects
26
Q

CNS Cerebrum - Occipital Lobe Function (4)

A
  1. Primary Visual Processing
  2. Processes color/shape/light
  3. Judge distance
  4. Sees 3 dimensions
27
Q

CNS Cerebrum - Occipital Lobe Impairment (4)

A
  1. Homonymous hemianopsia
  2. Impaired extraocular movement
  3. Impaired color recognition
  4. Reading/writing impairment
28
Q

CNS - Hippocampus (3)

A
  1. Forming/Storing new memories of one’s peronsal history and other declarative memory
  2. Learning language
  3. Long term memory
29
Q

CNS - Basal Ganglia (3)

A
  1. Gray matter deep within white matter of cerebrum
  2. Voluntary movement
  3. Autonomic movement (posture, muscle tone
30
Q

CNS - Amygdala

A
  1. Emotional/Social processing
  2. Fear/Pleasure response
31
Q

CNS - Thalamus

A
  1. Relay/Processing Stataion
  2. Receiving all sensory information EXCEPT from olfactory tract
32
Q

CNS - Hypothalamus

A
  1. Receives/Integrates information from ANS
  2. Regulates hormones
33
Q

CNS - Subthalamus

A

Regulates movement produced by skeletal muscle

34
Q

CNS - Epithalamus

A

Involved with internal clock/circadian rhythm

35
Q

CNS - Midbrain

A

Large relay area for information passing from the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord

36
Q

CNS - Cerebellum

A
  1. Fine tunes movement
  2. Maintains posture/balance
  3. Ability to perform rapid alternating movements
37
Q

CNS - Pons (3)

A
  1. Regulation of respiration rate
  2. Orteination of head in relation to visual/auditory stimuli
  3. CN V, VI, VII, VIII
38
Q

CNS - Medulla Oblongata (3)

A
  1. REgulation of respiration and HR
  2. Reflex centers for vomiting, coughing, and sneezing
  3. CN IX, X, XII, XII
39
Q

Circle of Willis

A

Formed by branches of the 2 internal carotid arteries and 2 vertebral arteries

40
Q

Symptoms of Meningitis (6)

A
  1. fever, HA, vomiting
  2. stiff neck/nuchal ridigity
  3. pain in lumbar/posterior thight
  4. Brudzinki’s sign
  5. Kernig’s sign
  6. sensitivity to light
41
Q

Anterior Cerberal Artery: Supply (2)

A
  1. Anterior frontal lobe
  2. Medial surface of frontal and parietal lobes
42
Q

Anterior Cerberal Artery: Impairment (5)

A
  1. Contralateral LE motor/sensory involvement
  2. Loss of B/B control
  3. Neglect
  4. Aphasia
  5. Perseveration
43
Q

Middle Cerebral Artery: Supply (6)

A
  1. Most of outer cerebrum
  2. Basal ganglia
  3. Posterior/Anterior internal capsule
  4. Putament
  5. Pallidum
  6. Lentiform Nucleus
44
Q

Middle Cerebral Artery: Impairment (5)

A
  1. Wernicke’s aphasia
  2. Homonymous hemianopsia
  3. Apraxia
  4. Flat affect
  5. Contralateral weakness/sensory loss of face and upper extremity
45
Q

Posterior Cerebral Artery: Supply (6)

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Subthalamic nucleus
  3. Basal nucleus
  4. Thalmus
  5. Inferior temporal lobe
  6. Occipital and occipitoparietal cortices
46
Q

Posterior Cerebral Artery: Impairment (5)

A
  1. Contralateral pain/temp sensory loss
  2. Contralateral hemiplegia
  3. Ataxia
  4. Thalamic pain syndrome
  5. Homonymous hemianopsia
47
Q

Vertebral Basilar Artery: Supply (5)

A
  1. Cerebellum
  2. Medula
  3. Pons
  4. Midbrain/Thalamus
  5. Occipital cortex
48
Q

Vertebral Basilar Artery: Impairment (5)

A
  1. Loss of consciousness
  2. Hemiplegia/Tetraplegia
  3. Coma/Vegetative state
  4. Locked-In syndrome
  5. Vertigo/Nystagmus/Syncope
49
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid (2)

A
  1. Cushion for brain
  2. 500-700ml/day produced
50
Q

Symptoms of Hydrocephalus (7)

A
  1. Headache
  2. Changes in vision
  3. Large veins on scalp
  4. Seizures
  5. Alternating between having an appetite and vomiting
  6. Sun Downing (downward deviation of th eyes
  7. Incontinence

NPTE -- Neuro (7 decks)

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