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NPTE -- Neuro > Nervous System Divisions > Flashcards

Nervous System Divisions Flashcards

1
Q

CNS - Parts of the Brain (3)

A
  1. Forebrain or Prosencephalon [includes telencephalon, diencephalon]
  2. Midbrain or Mesencephalong [includes tectum, tegementum]
  3. Hindbrain or Rhombencephalon [includes metencephalon, myelencephalon]
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2
Q

CNS - Telencephalon (4)

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Hippocampus
  3. Basal Ganglia
  4. Amygdala
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3
Q

CNS - Diencephalon (4)

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Subthalamus
  4. Epithalamus

Function: interactive site between CNS and endocrine/limbic system, where major motor and sensory tracts synapse

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4
Q

CNS - Tectum (2)

A
  1. Superior Colliculi
  2. Inferior Colliculi
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5
Q

CNS - Tegmentum (5)

A
  1. Cerebral Aqueduct
  2. Periaqueductal Gray
  3. Reticular Formation
  4. Substantia Nigra
  5. Red Nucleus
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6
Q

CNS - Metencephalon (2)

A
  1. Cerebellum
  2. Pons
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7
Q

CNS - Myelencephalon

A

Medulla Oblongata

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8
Q

CNS - Brainstem (3)

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla Oblongata
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9
Q

PNS (2)

A
  1. 12 Cranial Nerves
  2. 31 Pairs of Spinal Nerves
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10
Q

PNS - Spinal Nerves (5)

A
  1. 8 Cervical
  2. 12 Thoracic
  3. 5 Lumbar
  4. 5 Sacral
  5. 1 Coccygeal
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11
Q

PNS - Spinal Nerve Roots

A

Anterior = Efferent (away from CNS), Motor

Posterior = Afferent (toward CNS), Sensory

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12
Q

Ganglia

A

Clusters/Swellings of cells that give rise to peripheral/central nerve fibers

Can be snesory or autonomic

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13
Q

ANS - Neurotransmitters

A

Sympathetic = Norepinephrine

Parasympathetic = Acetylcholine

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14
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Peripheral and motor nerve fibers, voluntary movement, all five senses

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15
Q

CNS - Cerebrum (2)

A
  1. Outer surface = gray matter
  2. Interior = white matter
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16
Q

CNS - Cerebrum Fissures (2)

A
  1. Interhemispheric (medial longitudinal)
  2. Sylvian (lateral): anterior separates temporal/frontal lobes, posterior separates temporal/parietal lobes
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17
Q

CNS - Cerebrum Sulci (3)

A
  1. Central Sulcus: separates frontal/parietal lobes laterally
  2. Parieto-Occipital Sulcus: separates parietal and occipital loes medially
  3. Calcarine Sulcus: separates occipital lobe into superior/inferior havles
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18
Q

CNS - Cerebrum Left Hemisphere Dominance (11)

A

APPLE SCRUML

Analytical

Process verbally coded information

Produce written/spoken language

Logical

Express + emotions

Sequence/perform movement

Rational

Understand Language

Mathematical calculation

Language

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19
Q

CNS - Cerebrum Right Hemisphere Dominance (12)

A

MEN BUHN SHACK

Mathematical reasoning

Express negative emotions

Nonverbal communications

Body Image Awareness

Understand Music

Holistic Information Processing

Nonverbal Processing

Spatial Relationships

Hand-Eye Coordination

Artistic

Comprehension

Kinesthetic Awarenss

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20
Q

CNS Cerebrum - Frontal Lobe Function (5)

A

EXECUTIVE FUNCTION

  1. Voluntary movement
  2. Intellect
  3. Broca’s Area (speech, concentration)
  4. Personality/Temper/Behavior
  5. Judgement/Reasoning
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21
Q

CNS Cerebrum - Frontal Lobe Impairment (5)

A
  1. Contralateral weakness
  2. Perseveration
  3. Broca’s aphasia
  4. Inattention/Poor Concentration
  5. Personality Change
22
Q

CNS Cerebrum - Parietal Lobe Function (4)

A
  1. Sense of touch
  2. Provides meaning for objects
  3. Interprets language/words
  4. Spatial/visual perception
23
Q

CNS Cerebrum - Parietal Lobe Impairment (5)

A
  1. Dominant Hemisphere = Agraphia/Alexia/Agnosia
  2. Nondominant Hemisphere = apraxia, anosognosia
  3. Contralateral sensory deficits
  4. Impaired languate comprehension
  5. Impaired taste
24
Q

CNS Cerebrum - Temporal Lobe Function (4)

A
  1. Primary auditory processing
  2. Primary olfaction processing
  3. Wernicke’s Area (understand/produce meaninful speech/language)
  4. Interpret others’ emotions/reactions
25
CNS Cerebrum - Temporal Lobe Impairment
1. Learning deficits 2. Wernicke's aphasia 3. Antisocial/Aggressive 4. Difficulty with facial recognition/memory 5. Inability to categorize objects
26
CNS Cerebrum - Occipital Lobe Function (4)
1. Primary Visual Processing 2. Processes color/shape/light 3. Judge distance 4. Sees 3 dimensions
27
CNS Cerebrum - Occipital Lobe Impairment (4)
1. Homonymous hemianopsia 2. Impaired extraocular movement 3. Impaired color recognition 4. Reading/writing impairment
28
CNS - Hippocampus (3)
1. Forming/Storing new memories of one's peronsal history and other declarative memory 2. Learning language 3. Long term memory
29
CNS - Basal Ganglia (3)
1. Gray matter deep within white matter of cerebrum 2. Voluntary movement 3. Autonomic movement (posture, muscle tone
30
CNS - Amygdala
1. Emotional/Social processing 2. Fear/Pleasure response
31
CNS - Thalamus
1. Relay/Processing Stataion 2. Receiving all sensory information EXCEPT from olfactory tract
32
CNS - Hypothalamus
1. Receives/Integrates information from ANS 2. Regulates hormones
33
CNS - Subthalamus
Regulates movement produced by skeletal muscle
34
CNS - Epithalamus
Involved with internal clock/circadian rhythm
35
CNS - Midbrain
Large relay area for information passing from the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord
36
CNS - Cerebellum
1. Fine tunes movement 2. Maintains posture/balance 3. Ability to perform rapid alternating movements
37
CNS - Pons (3)
1. Regulation of respiration rate 2. Orteination of head in relation to visual/auditory stimuli 3. CN V, VI, VII, VIII
38
CNS - Medulla Oblongata (3)
1. REgulation of respiration and HR 2. Reflex centers for vomiting, coughing, and sneezing 3. CN IX, X, XII, XII
39
Circle of Willis
Formed by branches of the 2 internal carotid arteries and 2 vertebral arteries
40
Symptoms of Meningitis (6)
1. fever, HA, vomiting 2. stiff neck/nuchal ridigity 3. pain in lumbar/posterior thight 4. Brudzinki's sign 5. Kernig's sign 6. sensitivity to light
41
Anterior Cerberal Artery: Supply (2)
1. Anterior frontal lobe 2. Medial surface of frontal and parietal lobes
42
Anterior Cerberal Artery: Impairment (5)
1. Contralateral LE motor/sensory involvement 2. Loss of B/B control 3. Neglect 4. Aphasia 5. Perseveration
43
Middle Cerebral Artery: Supply (6)
1. Most of outer cerebrum 2. Basal ganglia 3. Posterior/Anterior internal capsule 4. Putament 5. Pallidum 6. Lentiform Nucleus
44
Middle Cerebral Artery: Impairment (5)
1. Wernicke's aphasia 2. Homonymous hemianopsia 3. Apraxia 4. Flat affect 5. Contralateral weakness/sensory loss of face and upper extremity
45
Posterior Cerebral Artery: Supply (6)
1. Midbrain 2. Subthalamic nucleus 3. Basal nucleus 4. Thalmus 5. Inferior temporal lobe 6. Occipital and occipitoparietal cortices
46
Posterior Cerebral Artery: Impairment (5)
1. Contralateral pain/temp sensory loss 2. Contralateral hemiplegia 3. Ataxia 4. Thalamic pain syndrome 5. Homonymous hemianopsia
47
Vertebral Basilar Artery: Supply (5)
1. Cerebellum 2. Medula 3. Pons 4. Midbrain/Thalamus 5. Occipital cortex
48
Vertebral Basilar Artery: Impairment (5)
1. Loss of consciousness 2. Hemiplegia/Tetraplegia 3. Coma/Vegetative state 4. Locked-In syndrome 5. Vertigo/Nystagmus/Syncope
49
Cerebrospinal Fluid (2)
1. Cushion for brain 2. 500-700ml/day produced
50
Symptoms of Hydrocephalus (7)
1. Headache 2. Changes in vision 3. Large veins on scalp 4. Seizures 5. Alternating between having an appetite and vomiting 6. Sun Downing (downward deviation of th eyes 7. Incontinence

NPTE -- Neuro (7 decks)

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