Nervous System Divisions Flashcards
CNS - Parts of the Brain (3)
- Forebrain or Prosencephalon [includes telencephalon, diencephalon]
- Midbrain or Mesencephalong [includes tectum, tegementum]
- Hindbrain or Rhombencephalon [includes metencephalon, myelencephalon]
CNS - Telencephalon (4)
- Cerebrum
- Hippocampus
- Basal Ganglia
- Amygdala
CNS - Diencephalon (4)
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Subthalamus
- Epithalamus
Function: interactive site between CNS and endocrine/limbic system, where major motor and sensory tracts synapse
CNS - Tectum (2)
- Superior Colliculi
- Inferior Colliculi
CNS - Tegmentum (5)
- Cerebral Aqueduct
- Periaqueductal Gray
- Reticular Formation
- Substantia Nigra
- Red Nucleus
CNS - Metencephalon (2)
- Cerebellum
- Pons
CNS - Myelencephalon
Medulla Oblongata
CNS - Brainstem (3)
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla Oblongata
PNS (2)
- 12 Cranial Nerves
- 31 Pairs of Spinal Nerves
PNS - Spinal Nerves (5)
- 8 Cervical
- 12 Thoracic
- 5 Lumbar
- 5 Sacral
- 1 Coccygeal
PNS - Spinal Nerve Roots
Anterior = Efferent (away from CNS), Motor
Posterior = Afferent (toward CNS), Sensory
Ganglia
Clusters/Swellings of cells that give rise to peripheral/central nerve fibers
Can be snesory or autonomic
ANS - Neurotransmitters
Sympathetic = Norepinephrine
Parasympathetic = Acetylcholine
Somatic Nervous System
Peripheral and motor nerve fibers, voluntary movement, all five senses
CNS - Cerebrum (2)
- Outer surface = gray matter
- Interior = white matter
CNS - Cerebrum Fissures (2)
- Interhemispheric (medial longitudinal)
- Sylvian (lateral): anterior separates temporal/frontal lobes, posterior separates temporal/parietal lobes
CNS - Cerebrum Sulci (3)
- Central Sulcus: separates frontal/parietal lobes laterally
- Parieto-Occipital Sulcus: separates parietal and occipital loes medially
- Calcarine Sulcus: separates occipital lobe into superior/inferior havles
CNS - Cerebrum Left Hemisphere Dominance (11)
APPLE SCRUML
Analytical
Process verbally coded information
Produce written/spoken language
Logical
Express + emotions
Sequence/perform movement
Rational
Understand Language
Mathematical calculation
Language
CNS - Cerebrum Right Hemisphere Dominance (12)
MEN BUHN SHACK
Mathematical reasoning
Express negative emotions
Nonverbal communications
Body Image Awareness
Understand Music
Holistic Information Processing
Nonverbal Processing
Spatial Relationships
Hand-Eye Coordination
Artistic
Comprehension
Kinesthetic Awarenss
CNS Cerebrum - Frontal Lobe Function (5)
EXECUTIVE FUNCTION
- Voluntary movement
- Intellect
- Broca’s Area (speech, concentration)
- Personality/Temper/Behavior
- Judgement/Reasoning
CNS Cerebrum - Frontal Lobe Impairment (5)
- Contralateral weakness
- Perseveration
- Broca’s aphasia
- Inattention/Poor Concentration
- Personality Change
CNS Cerebrum - Parietal Lobe Function (4)
- Sense of touch
- Provides meaning for objects
- Interprets language/words
- Spatial/visual perception
CNS Cerebrum - Parietal Lobe Impairment (5)
- Dominant Hemisphere = Agraphia/Alexia/Agnosia
- Nondominant Hemisphere = apraxia, anosognosia
- Contralateral sensory deficits
- Impaired languate comprehension
- Impaired taste
CNS Cerebrum - Temporal Lobe Function (4)
- Primary auditory processing
- Primary olfaction processing
- Wernicke’s Area (understand/produce meaninful speech/language)
- Interpret others’ emotions/reactions
CNS Cerebrum - Temporal Lobe Impairment
- Learning deficits
- Wernicke’s aphasia
- Antisocial/Aggressive
- Difficulty with facial recognition/memory
- Inability to categorize objects
CNS Cerebrum - Occipital Lobe Function (4)
- Primary Visual Processing
- Processes color/shape/light
- Judge distance
- Sees 3 dimensions
CNS Cerebrum - Occipital Lobe Impairment (4)
- Homonymous hemianopsia
- Impaired extraocular movement
- Impaired color recognition
- Reading/writing impairment
CNS - Hippocampus (3)
- Forming/Storing new memories of one’s peronsal history and other declarative memory
- Learning language
- Long term memory
CNS - Basal Ganglia (3)
- Gray matter deep within white matter of cerebrum
- Voluntary movement
- Autonomic movement (posture, muscle tone
CNS - Amygdala
- Emotional/Social processing
- Fear/Pleasure response
CNS - Thalamus
- Relay/Processing Stataion
- Receiving all sensory information EXCEPT from olfactory tract
CNS - Hypothalamus
- Receives/Integrates information from ANS
- Regulates hormones
CNS - Subthalamus
Regulates movement produced by skeletal muscle
CNS - Epithalamus
Involved with internal clock/circadian rhythm
CNS - Midbrain
Large relay area for information passing from the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord
CNS - Cerebellum
- Fine tunes movement
- Maintains posture/balance
- Ability to perform rapid alternating movements
CNS - Pons (3)
- Regulation of respiration rate
- Orteination of head in relation to visual/auditory stimuli
- CN V, VI, VII, VIII
CNS - Medulla Oblongata (3)
- REgulation of respiration and HR
- Reflex centers for vomiting, coughing, and sneezing
- CN IX, X, XII, XII
Circle of Willis
Formed by branches of the 2 internal carotid arteries and 2 vertebral arteries
Symptoms of Meningitis (6)
- fever, HA, vomiting
- stiff neck/nuchal ridigity
- pain in lumbar/posterior thight
- Brudzinki’s sign
- Kernig’s sign
- sensitivity to light
Anterior Cerberal Artery: Supply (2)
- Anterior frontal lobe
- Medial surface of frontal and parietal lobes
Anterior Cerberal Artery: Impairment (5)
- Contralateral LE motor/sensory involvement
- Loss of B/B control
- Neglect
- Aphasia
- Perseveration
Middle Cerebral Artery: Supply (6)
- Most of outer cerebrum
- Basal ganglia
- Posterior/Anterior internal capsule
- Putament
- Pallidum
- Lentiform Nucleus
Middle Cerebral Artery: Impairment (5)
- Wernicke’s aphasia
- Homonymous hemianopsia
- Apraxia
- Flat affect
- Contralateral weakness/sensory loss of face and upper extremity
Posterior Cerebral Artery: Supply (6)
- Midbrain
- Subthalamic nucleus
- Basal nucleus
- Thalmus
- Inferior temporal lobe
- Occipital and occipitoparietal cortices
Posterior Cerebral Artery: Impairment (5)
- Contralateral pain/temp sensory loss
- Contralateral hemiplegia
- Ataxia
- Thalamic pain syndrome
- Homonymous hemianopsia
Vertebral Basilar Artery: Supply (5)
- Cerebellum
- Medula
- Pons
- Midbrain/Thalamus
- Occipital cortex
Vertebral Basilar Artery: Impairment (5)
- Loss of consciousness
- Hemiplegia/Tetraplegia
- Coma/Vegetative state
- Locked-In syndrome
- Vertigo/Nystagmus/Syncope
Cerebrospinal Fluid (2)
- Cushion for brain
- 500-700ml/day produced
Symptoms of Hydrocephalus (7)
- Headache
- Changes in vision
- Large veins on scalp
- Seizures
- Alternating between having an appetite and vomiting
- Sun Downing (downward deviation of th eyes
- Incontinence