Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Agraphia

A

Inability to communicate through writing

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2
Q

Gray Matter

A

Unmyelinated neurons, contains capillaries, glial cells, cell bodies, and dendrites

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3
Q

White Matter

A

Myelinated axons, contains nerve fibers withouth dendrites

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4
Q

Alexia

A

Inability to understand written/printed language

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5
Q

Agnosia

A

Inability to recognize objects, faces, voices, places

Inability to interpret sensations

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6
Q

Apraxia

A

Inability to perform particular purposeful movements/actions

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7
Q

Anosognosia

A

“lack of insight”

Inability/refusal to recognize a defect or disorder that is clinically evident

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8
Q

Broca’s Aphasia

A

Inability to speak fluently, comprehension perserved

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9
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A

Poor comprehension, speak fluent gibberish

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10
Q

Homonymous hemianopsia

A

loss of half of the feild of view on the same side of both eyes

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11
Q

Declarative Memory

A

Memory of facts/events

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12
Q

Thalamic Pain sYndrome

A

Spontanteous pain on the contralateral side of the body to the thalamic lesion

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13
Q

Brudzinski sign

A

flexion of neck facilitate flexion of the hips and knees

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14
Q

Kernig’s sign

A

pain with hip flexion combined with knee extension

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15
Q

Brown Sequard Syndrome

A
  1. Ipsilateral paralysis and loss of vibratory/position sense [damage to corticospinal tract, dorsal column]
  2. Contralateral pain/temp loss [damage to lateral spinothalamic]
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16
Q

Endoneurium

A

Innermost covering of a peripheral nerve that surrounds each individual axon

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17
Q

Epineurium

A

the outermost covering of a peripheral nerve that surrounds the entire nerve and provides a buffer for the peripheral nerve

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18
Q

Perineurium

A

The middle layer of covering surrounding the peripheral nerve that envelopes fascicles or groups of axons and maintains the blood nerve barrier

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19
Q

A Fibers (4)

A
  1. Large fibers
  2. Myelinated
  3. High conduction rate
  4. Types: Alpha, beta, gamma, delta
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20
Q

Alpha Fibers (4)

A
  1. Alpha motor neurons
  2. Muscle spindle primary endings
  3. Golgi tendon organs
  4. Touch
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21
Q

Beta Fibers (3)

A
  1. Touch
  2. Kinesthesia
  3. Muscle spindle secondary ending
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22
Q

Gamma Fibers (3)

A
  1. Touch
  2. Pressure
  3. Gamma motor neurons
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23
Q

Delta Fiber (4)

A
  1. Pain
  2. Touch
  3. Pressure,
  4. Temperature
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24
Q

Muscle Spindle (2)

A
  1. Primary = low threshold stretch
  2. Secondary = change in length
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25
Q

Golgi Tendon Organ

A

Responds to tension/stretch of a tendon

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26
Q

B fibers (4)

A
  1. Medium fibers
  2. Myelinated
  3. Reasonably fast conduction rate
  4. Pre-ganglionic fibers of the autonomic system
27
Q

C Fibers (5)

A
  1. Small fibers
  2. Poorly myelinated or unmyelinated
  3. Slowed conduction rate
  4. Post-ganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system
  5. Exteroceptors for pain, temp, touch
28
Q

Allodynia

A

sensation of pain in response to a stimulus that would not typically produce pain

29
Q

Analgesia

A

the absense of pai while remaining conscious

30
Q

Anesthesia

A

The absence of touch sensation

31
Q

Causalgia

A

Constant, relentless, burning hyperesthesia and hyper algesia that develops after a peripheral nerve injury

32
Q

Dysesthesia

A

distortion of any of the sense especially the sense of touch

33
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

heightened sensation

34
Q

Hyperpathia

A

an extremem exaggerated response to pain

35
Q

Neuralgia

A

severe and multiple shock like pains that radiate from a specific nerve distribution

36
Q

Pallanesthesia

A

loss of vibration sensation

37
Q

Paresthesia

A

abnormal sensations such as tingling, pins/needles, or burning sensation

38
Q

Akinesia

A

inability to initiate movement

39
Q

Asthenia

A

generalized weakness, typically secondary to cerebellar pathology

40
Q

Ataxia

A

inability to perform coordinated movements

41
Q

Athetosis

A

A condition that presents with involuntary movements combintes with instability of posture, peripheral mobility without central stability

42
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Movement that is very slow

43
Q

Chorea

A

movements that are sudden, random, and involuntary

44
Q

Clasp knife reponse

A

form of resistance seen during range of motion of a hypertonic joint where there is greatest resistance at the intiation of rnage that lessons with movement through the range of motion

45
Q

Clonus

A

characteristic of an UMN lesion, involuntary alternating spasmodic contraction of amm precipitated by a quick stretch reflex

46
Q

Cogwheel rigidity

A

form of rigidity where resistance to movement has a phasic quality to it

47
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia

A

inability to perform rapidly alternating movements

48
Q

Dysmetria

A

inability to control the range of a movement and the force of muscular activity

49
Q

Dystonia

A

closely related to athetosis, however, there is larger axial msucle involvement rather than appendicular muscles

50
Q

Fasciculation

A

muscular twitch that is casued by random discharge of a LMN and its mm fibers, may suggest LMN disease

51
Q

Hemiballism

A

involuntary and violent movement of a large body part

52
Q

Kinesthesia

A

ablity to perceive the direction and extent of movement of a joint or body part

53
Q

Lead pipe rgidity

A

form of rigidity where there is uniform and constant resistance to range of motion, often associated with basal ganglia lesion

54
Q

Rigidity

A

state of severe hypertoncity where a sustained muscle contraction does not allow for any movement at a specified joint

55
Q

Tremor

A

Involuntary rhythmic, oscillatory movements secondary to basal ganglia lesion

56
Q

Balance

A
  • physical equilibrium
  • maintenance and control of center of gravity
  • achieving/maintaining upright posture
57
Q

Berg Balance cut off

A

<45/56 = risk for fall

58
Q

Functional Reach Averages

A

20-40 yo = 14.5-17 in

41-69 yo = 13.5-15 in

70-87 yo = 10.5 - 13 in

Below average = increased risk for fall

59
Q

TUG

A

10 feet distance

<10 sec = normal/independent

>20 sec = limit for functional independence, increased fall risk

>30 sec = high fall risk

60
Q

Tinetti cut off

A

<19/28 = high risk for fall

61
Q

Neologisms

A

susbsitution within a word that is so severe it makes the word unrecongnizable

62
Q

Paraphasia

A

jumbled words forming meaningless sentences

63
Q

Dysprosodic

A

impairment in rhythm and inflection of speech