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NPTE -- Neuro > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Agraphia

A

Inability to communicate through writing

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2
Q

Gray Matter

A

Unmyelinated neurons, contains capillaries, glial cells, cell bodies, and dendrites

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3
Q

White Matter

A

Myelinated axons, contains nerve fibers withouth dendrites

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4
Q

Alexia

A

Inability to understand written/printed language

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5
Q

Agnosia

A

Inability to recognize objects, faces, voices, places

Inability to interpret sensations

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6
Q

Apraxia

A

Inability to perform particular purposeful movements/actions

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7
Q

Anosognosia

A

“lack of insight”

Inability/refusal to recognize a defect or disorder that is clinically evident

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8
Q

Broca’s Aphasia

A

Inability to speak fluently, comprehension perserved

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9
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A

Poor comprehension, speak fluent gibberish

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10
Q

Homonymous hemianopsia

A

loss of half of the feild of view on the same side of both eyes

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11
Q

Declarative Memory

A

Memory of facts/events

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12
Q

Thalamic Pain sYndrome

A

Spontanteous pain on the contralateral side of the body to the thalamic lesion

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13
Q

Brudzinski sign

A

flexion of neck facilitate flexion of the hips and knees

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14
Q

Kernig’s sign

A

pain with hip flexion combined with knee extension

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15
Q

Brown Sequard Syndrome

A
  1. Ipsilateral paralysis and loss of vibratory/position sense [damage to corticospinal tract, dorsal column]
  2. Contralateral pain/temp loss [damage to lateral spinothalamic]
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16
Q

Endoneurium

A

Innermost covering of a peripheral nerve that surrounds each individual axon

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17
Q

Epineurium

A

the outermost covering of a peripheral nerve that surrounds the entire nerve and provides a buffer for the peripheral nerve

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18
Q

Perineurium

A

The middle layer of covering surrounding the peripheral nerve that envelopes fascicles or groups of axons and maintains the blood nerve barrier

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19
Q

A Fibers (4)

A
  1. Large fibers
  2. Myelinated
  3. High conduction rate
  4. Types: Alpha, beta, gamma, delta
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20
Q

Alpha Fibers (4)

A
  1. Alpha motor neurons
  2. Muscle spindle primary endings
  3. Golgi tendon organs
  4. Touch
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21
Q

Beta Fibers (3)

A
  1. Touch
  2. Kinesthesia
  3. Muscle spindle secondary ending
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22
Q

Gamma Fibers (3)

A
  1. Touch
  2. Pressure
  3. Gamma motor neurons
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23
Q

Delta Fiber (4)

A
  1. Pain
  2. Touch
  3. Pressure,
  4. Temperature
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24
Q

Muscle Spindle (2)

A
  1. Primary = low threshold stretch
  2. Secondary = change in length
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25
Golgi Tendon Organ
Responds to tension/stretch of a tendon
26
B fibers (4)
1. Medium fibers 2. Myelinated 3. Reasonably fast conduction rate 4. Pre-ganglionic fibers of the autonomic system
27
C Fibers (5)
1. Small fibers 2. Poorly myelinated or unmyelinated 3. Slowed conduction rate 4. Post-ganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system 5. Exteroceptors for pain, temp, touch
28
Allodynia
sensation of pain in response to a stimulus that would not typically produce pain
29
Analgesia
the absense of pai while remaining conscious
30
Anesthesia
The absence of touch sensation
31
Causalgia
Constant, relentless, burning hyperesthesia and hyper algesia that develops after a peripheral nerve injury
32
Dysesthesia
distortion of any of the sense especially the sense of touch
33
Hyperesthesia
heightened sensation
34
Hyperpathia
an extremem exaggerated response to pain
35
Neuralgia
severe and multiple shock like pains that radiate from a specific nerve distribution
36
Pallanesthesia
loss of vibration sensation
37
Paresthesia
abnormal sensations such as tingling, pins/needles, or burning sensation
38
Akinesia
inability to initiate movement
39
Asthenia
generalized weakness, typically secondary to cerebellar pathology
40
Ataxia
inability to perform coordinated movements
41
Athetosis
A condition that presents with involuntary movements combintes with instability of posture, peripheral mobility without central stability
42
Bradykinesia
Movement that is very slow
43
Chorea
movements that are sudden, random, and involuntary
44
Clasp knife reponse
form of resistance seen during range of motion of a hypertonic joint where there is greatest resistance at the intiation of rnage that lessons with movement through the range of motion
45
Clonus
characteristic of an UMN lesion, involuntary alternating spasmodic contraction of amm precipitated by a quick stretch reflex
46
Cogwheel rigidity
form of rigidity where resistance to movement has a phasic quality to it
47
Dysdiadochokinesia
inability to perform rapidly alternating movements
48
Dysmetria
inability to control the range of a movement and the force of muscular activity
49
Dystonia
closely related to athetosis, however, there is larger axial msucle involvement rather than appendicular muscles
50
Fasciculation
muscular twitch that is casued by random discharge of a LMN and its mm fibers, may suggest LMN disease
51
Hemiballism
involuntary and violent movement of a large body part
52
Kinesthesia
ablity to perceive the direction and extent of movement of a joint or body part
53
Lead pipe rgidity
form of rigidity where there is uniform and constant resistance to range of motion, often associated with basal ganglia lesion
54
Rigidity
state of severe hypertoncity where a sustained muscle contraction does not allow for any movement at a specified joint
55
Tremor
Involuntary rhythmic, oscillatory movements secondary to basal ganglia lesion
56
Balance
- physical equilibrium - maintenance and control of center of gravity - achieving/maintaining upright posture
57
Berg Balance cut off
\<45/56 = risk for fall
58
Functional Reach Averages
20-40 yo = 14.5-17 in 41-69 yo = 13.5-15 in 70-87 yo = 10.5 - 13 in Below average = increased risk for fall
59
TUG
10 feet distance \<10 sec = normal/independent \>20 sec = limit for functional independence, increased fall risk \>30 sec = high fall risk
60
Tinetti cut off
\<19/28 = high risk for fall
61
Neologisms
susbsitution within a word that is so severe it makes the word unrecongnizable
62
Paraphasia
jumbled words forming meaningless sentences
63
Dysprosodic
impairment in rhythm and inflection of speech

NPTE -- Neuro (7 decks)

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