Nervous System Disorders Flashcards
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis AKA lou gherig dz
anterior horn and corticospinal tracts affected with NO SENSORY LOSS, motor only
LMN in upper extrem
UMN in lower extrem
progressive
ALS
Progressive severe atrophy of the cerebral cortex. Neurofibrillary tangles, decrease in Acetyl- choline. #1 cause of dementia
alzheimer’s
Type I = Cerebellar tonils herniate. (specifically the vermis)
Type II = Cerebellar tonsil herniation with Meningiomyelocele in lumbar spine
Note: can get syrinx bc of hydrocephalus with _____
arnold chiari
m/c, best prognosis. ln CNS
Astrocytoma Type I & II
m/c in CNS
Glioma
Worst prognosis (affects cerebrum)
Gliobastoma multiform
m/c seen in cerebellar vermis in children, m/c cerebellar tumor
medulloblastoma
slowest growing (affects cerebrum)
oligodendroglioma
C Vll = acoustic Neuroma. Onion bulb tumor.(most common cause of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss
Schwannoma
lesions of sclerosis of the spinocerebellar tract (neurofibrillary tangles) chromosome 9
friedreich’s ataxia
A K A post-infectious polyradiculopathy, most commonly seen after a recent flu or vaccination
Peripheral demyelinating dz
areflexia and ascending paralysis
fatal if hits diaphragm
guillian barre
interruption of cervical sympathetics (trauma, pancoast tumor)
symptoms: ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis, enophthalmosis
horner’s syndrome
aka Hansen’s dz = liquefactive necrosis
skin damage and destruction of sensory nerves
leprosy
central demyelinization and plaquing of the spinal cord or brain
charcott’s triad (SIN): scanning speech, intention tremor and nystagmus
characterized by exacerbations and remissions
effects distal muscles and causes visual disturbances
affects corticospinal tracts
multiple sclerosis
formation of antibodies that block the Ach receptors at the myoneural junction
thymic enlargement (thymoma) causes progressive weakness and fatigue
first starts in the ocular muscles, gets worse at the end of the day
jaw is tight and sore
autoimmue
females 20-40
myasthenia gravis
aka von recklinghausen dz
cafe au lait spots “coast of california” appearance
neurofibromatosis
schwann cell tumor
onion bulb tumor
problem with dopamine in basal ganglia
inclusion bodies = lewy bodies
masked faces, stopped posture, resting tremor, and festinating / shuffling gait and propulsive gait. cogwheel rigidity. substantia nigra of mesencephalon effected
parkinson’s aka paralysis agitans
posterolateral sclerosis AKA combined systems dz
dorsal columns and corticospinal tract affected
results from long term pernicious anemia (decrease intrinsic factor) or (decreased vit B12)
PLS
if affects anterior horn, produces LMNL
effects brainstem then cranial nerves affected, possibly breathing apparatus as well
poliomyelitis
cyst like formation from the central canal of the spinal cord that leads to loos of pain and temperature and signs of an upper motor neuron lesion
“cape like” distribution of pins and needles sensation
caused by syrinx, a central dilation of the spinal cord
loss of pain and temp bilaterally
syringomyelia
alcoholic psychosis with dementia
depletion of thiamine (B1) due to severe alcoholism
wernicke-korsakoff
