Nervous System Disorders

Question 1

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis AKA lou gherig dz
anterior horn and corticospinal tracts affected with NO SENSORY LOSS, motor only
LMN in upper extrem
UMN in lower extrem
progressive

Answer 1

ALS

Question 2

Progressive severe atrophy of the cerebral cortex. Neurofibrillary tangles, decrease in Acetyl- choline. #1 cause of dementia

Answer 2

alzheimer’s

Question 3

Type I = Cerebellar tonils herniate. (specifically the vermis)
Type II = Cerebellar tonsil herniation with Meningiomyelocele in lumbar spine
Note: can get syrinx bc of hydrocephalus with _____

Answer 3

arnold chiari

Question 4

m/c, best prognosis. ln CNS

Answer 4

Astrocytoma Type I & II

Question 5

m/c in CNS

Answer 5

Glioma

Question 6

Worst prognosis (affects cerebrum)

Answer 6

Gliobastoma multiform

Question 7

m/c seen in cerebellar vermis in children, m/c cerebellar tumor

Answer 7

medulloblastoma

Question 8

slowest growing (affects cerebrum)

Answer 8

oligodendroglioma

Question 9

C Vll = acoustic Neuroma. Onion bulb tumor.(most common cause of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 9

Schwannoma

Question 10

lesions of sclerosis of the spinocerebellar tract (neurofibrillary tangles) chromosome 9

Answer 10

friedreich’s ataxia

Question 11

A K A post-infectious polyradiculopathy, most commonly seen after a recent flu or vaccination
Peripheral demyelinating dz
areflexia and ascending paralysis
fatal if hits diaphragm

Answer 11

guillian barre

Question 12

interruption of cervical sympathetics (trauma, pancoast tumor)
symptoms: ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis, enophthalmosis

Answer 12

horner’s syndrome

Question 13

aka Hansen’s dz = liquefactive necrosis

skin damage and destruction of sensory nerves

Answer 13

leprosy

Question 14

central demyelinization and plaquing of the spinal cord or brain
charcott’s triad (SIN): scanning speech, intention tremor and nystagmus
characterized by exacerbations and remissions
effects distal muscles and causes visual disturbances
affects corticospinal tracts

Answer 14

multiple sclerosis

Question 15

formation of antibodies that block the Ach receptors at the myoneural junction
thymic enlargement (thymoma) causes progressive weakness and fatigue
first starts in the ocular muscles, gets worse at the end of the day
jaw is tight and sore
autoimmue
females 20-40

Answer 15

myasthenia gravis

Question 16

aka von recklinghausen dz

cafe au lait spots “coast of california” appearance

Answer 16

neurofibromatosis

Question 17

schwann cell tumor

Answer 17

onion bulb tumor

Question 18

problem with dopamine in basal ganglia
inclusion bodies = lewy bodies
masked faces, stopped posture, resting tremor, and festinating / shuffling gait and propulsive gait. cogwheel rigidity. substantia nigra of mesencephalon effected

Answer 18

parkinson’s aka paralysis agitans

Question 19

posterolateral sclerosis AKA combined systems dz
dorsal columns and corticospinal tract affected
results from long term pernicious anemia (decrease intrinsic factor) or (decreased vit B12)

Answer 19

PLS

Question 20

if affects anterior horn, produces LMNL

effects brainstem then cranial nerves affected, possibly breathing apparatus as well

Answer 20

poliomyelitis

Question 21

cyst like formation from the central canal of the spinal cord that leads to loos of pain and temperature and signs of an upper motor neuron lesion
“cape like” distribution of pins and needles sensation
caused by syrinx, a central dilation of the spinal cord
loss of pain and temp bilaterally

Answer 21

syringomyelia

Question 22

alcoholic psychosis with dementia

depletion of thiamine (B1) due to severe alcoholism

Answer 22

wernicke-korsakoff