GI disorders Flashcards
Spasm of lower esophageal sphincter. Causes megaesophagus of upper esophagus. Lack of motility. (due to absence of myenteric plexus)
Achalasia
Metaplasia of esophageal cells into stomach cells, caused by GERD.
Barrett’s esophagus
Occlusion of hepatic veins: Triad of abdominal pain, ascites and hepatomegaly. Acute = rapid severe upper abdominal pain, jaundice, hepatomegaly,
increased liver enzymes, & eventual encephalopathy.
Budd-Chiari
Intolerance to gluten. Loss of villi, therefore loss of absorption. Stay on gluten-free diet. (Gluten enteropathy)
Celiac disease,
aka “non-tropical sprue”
Inflammation of gallbladder. #1 cause of gallstones.
Cholocystitis
Gallstones
Cholelithiasis
Seen in young people. Affects distal small intestine (ileum), cecum and ascending colon. (right sided problem). Skip lesions or ‘cobblestone’ appearance. NO BLOODY DIARRHEA . Autoimmune. Aka ‘s “regional ileitis”, “distal ileitis”, “regional enteritis”. leads to dehydration b/c most water reabsorbed in small intestine.
crohns
Outpouching in the intestine. Usually lower left quadrant (sigmoid & descending)
Diverticula
Difficulty swallowing
Dysphagia
Most common cause of death of children world wide d/t dehydration from diarrhea.
Enteritis
Most common cause of frank red blood in the stool
Hemorrhoids
congenital megacolon. absence of myenteric plexus = parasympathetic motor plexus
hirschprung’s
Telescoping of intestine onto itself, can be caused by rotovirus vaccine
Intussusception
Spastic colon, distention, pain, diarrhea, stress related
Irritable bowel
Hematemesis ( vomiting of blood) d/t alcoholism. Lacerations of esophagus and proximal stomach.
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
Outpouching of distal ileum.
Meckel’s diverticulum
Polyposis characterized by polyps in the entire GI tract
Peutz Jegher’s
Iron deficiency anemia, cheilosis, esophageal webbing and glossitis
Plummer Vinson syndrome
infant projectile vomiting
in a newborn
pyloric stenosis
anatomically shortened esophagus
sliding hiatal hernia
steatosis = fat in stool, problem with GB
steatosis
Aka. Toxic megacolon. Pathological intestinal changes, ulcers, bloody diarrhea, affects left side of abdomen (descending colon, sigmoid colon). “lead pipe rigidity”. Starts at the colon and moves distally
Ulcerative colitis
Twisting of an organ around its long axis
volvulus
outpouching of the esophagus
zenker’s diverticulum
