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a&p > nervous system ch. 11 > Flashcards

nervous system ch. 11 Flashcards

1
Q

sThree sensory system functions

A

sensory input, integration, motor output

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2
Q

sensory input

A

the information gathered by the nervous system

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3
Q

integration

A

the nervous system processes input and decides what to do

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4
Q

motor output

A

nervous system activates effector organs (muscles and glands) to cause a response

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5
Q

what are the two parts of the nervous system

A

central and peripheral nervous system

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6
Q

central nervous system includes

A

brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

peripheral nervous system includes

A

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia

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8
Q

spinal nerves

A

carry impulses to and from the spinal cord

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9
Q

cranial nerves

A

carry impulses to and from the brain

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10
Q

two divisions of PNS

A

sensory (afferent) division, motor (efferent) division

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11
Q

what is the sensory division of the PNS responsible for?

A

consisting of nerve fibers that carry sensory information from receptors to the CNS

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12
Q

What is the motor division of the PNS responsible for?

A

transmitting impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands

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13
Q

somatic sensory fibers

A

convey impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints

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14
Q

visceral sensory fibers

A

transmit impulses from visceral organs

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15
Q

two sectors of the motor divison

A

the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

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16
Q

somatic nervous system is also called

A

the voluntary nervous system

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17
Q

function of the somatic nervous system

A

conduct impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles

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18
Q

autonomic nervous system is also called

A

involuntary nervous system

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19
Q

function of the autonomic nervous system

A

regulate the activity of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands

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20
Q

the two principle types of nervous cells

A

neuroglia (Glial) cells and neruons

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21
Q

function of neuroglia

A

small cells that wrap and surround delicate neurons

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22
Q

function of neurons

A

excitable cells that transmit electrical signals

23
Q

4 neuroglia cell types in CNS

A

astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes

24
Q

how can neuroglia be distinguished from neurons

A

they have a much smaller size and darker staining nuclei

25
Q

astrocyte function

A

assists in exchanges between blood capillaries and neurons

26
Q

microglial cell function

A

can transform phagocytes in areas of neural damage or inflammation

27
Q

ependymal cell function

A

lines the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord

28
Q

oligondendrocyte function

A

composes myelin sheaths

29
Q

2 neuroglia cell types in PNS

A

satellite cells and schwann cells

30
Q

location of satellite cells

A

surrounding neuron cell bodies in the PNS

31
Q

location of schwann cells

A

surround all nerves fibers in PNS and form myelin sheaths around thicker nerve fibers

32
Q

neurons alternate name

A

nerve cells

33
Q

characteristics of neurons

A

extreme longevity, neurons are amitotic, neurons have an exceptionally high metabolic rate

34
Q

neuron cell body componets

A

a spherical nucleus ( with conspicuous nucleolus) surrounded by cytoplasm

35
Q

other name for neuron cell body

A

perikaryon

36
Q

the cell body is…

A

the major biosynthetic center and metabolic center of a neuron

37
Q

the neuron cell body contains there structures

A

protein and membrane making machine, cytoskeletal elements (microtubules and neurofibrils), pigment inclusions

38
Q

where are most neuron cell bodies located

A

CNS

39
Q

what are clusters of cell bodies in the CNS called

A

Nuclei

40
Q

what are clusters of cell bodies in the PNS called

A

Ganglia

41
Q

What components of neurons does the CNS contain

A

Cell bodies and their processes

42
Q

what components of neurons does the PNS contain

A

chiefly neuron processes (cell bodies are in the CNS)

43
Q

two types of neuron processes

A

dendrites and axons

44
Q

dendrite description

A

short, tapering, diffusely branching extensions

45
Q

the main receptive input region for neurons

A

dendrites

46
Q

function of dendrites

A

convey messages towards the cell body. Usually not action potentials but rather graded potentials.

47
Q

axon

A

neuron process that carries action potentials away from the nerve cell body; efferent process: the conducting portion of a nerve cell

48
Q

axon hillock

A

cone-shaped area of the cell body from where the axon arises

49
Q

a long axon is also called

A

nerve fiber

50
Q

nucleus

A

collection of neuron cell bodies in CNS

51
Q

ganglion

A

collection of neuron cell bodies in PNS

52
Q

tract

A

bundle of axons in CNS

53
Q

nerve

A

bundle of axons in PNS

54
Q
A

a&p (6 decks)

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