Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

a&p > ch. 6 bones and skeletal tissue > Flashcards

ch. 6 bones and skeletal tissue Flashcards

1
Q

cartilage does not contain

A

nerves or blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

perichondrium

A

layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the three types of cartilage tissue

A

hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

basic components of cartilage

A

cells called chondrocytes, enclosed in small cavities (acunae) with an extracellular matrix containing ground substance and fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

provide support with flexibility and resilience; most abundant in skeletal cartilages; spherical chondrocytes; only fine college fibers in their matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

types of skeletal hyaline cartilages

A

articular cartilages (cover the ends of most bones at movable joints), costal cartilages (connects ribs to sternum), respiratory cartilages (form the skeleton of the larynx and reinforce respiratory passages)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

elastic cartilages

A

similar to hyaline but contains more stretchy elastic fibers; found in the external ear and the epiglottis (swallowing flap in larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fibrocartilage

A

consists of roughly parallel rows of chondrocytes alternating with thick collagen fibers; high compressible and great tensile strength; occur in sits subjected to pressure and stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

types of cartilage growth

A

appositional growth and interstitial growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

appositional growth

A

cartilage forming cells in the perichondrium secrete new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

interstitial growth

A

lacunae-bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix which expands cartilage from within.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

seven functions of bones

A

support, protection, anchorage, mineral storage, blood cell formation, triglyceride (fat) storage, hormone production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where does hematopoiesis occur?

A

red marrow of certain bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many bones do humans have?

A

206

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

two groups of the human skeleton

A

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

axial skeleton consists of

A

bones of the skull, veterbral column, rib cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

appendicular skeleton consists of

A

upper and lower limbs and the girdles that attach limbs to axial skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bone shape classifications

A

long, short, flat, irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two main layers of bone

A

compact bone and spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

compact bone is

A

external

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

spongy bone is

A

internal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is spongy bone made up of?

A

small needle-like or flat pieces called trabeculae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what fills the space between trabeculae?

A

red and yellow bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In short, irregular, and flat bones compact bone is covered outside by…

A

connective tissue membranes, respectively periosteum and endosteum

25
Q

What covers the surfaces of movable joints with short, irregular, and flat bones?

A

hyaline cartilage

26
Q

Most long bones have a general structure

A

a shaft, bone ends, and membranes

27
Q

Diaphysis

A

elongated shaft of a long bone

28
Q

medullary cavity

A

central cavity of a long bone. Contains yellow or red bone marrow

29
Q

Epiphyses

A

The end of a long bone, attached to the shaft

30
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

plate of hyaline cartilage at the junction of the diaphysis and epiphysis that provides for growth in the length of a long bone

31
Q

common name for epiphyseal plate

A

growth plate

32
Q

periosteum

A

double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone

33
Q

outer fibrous layer of periosteum

A

made of dense irregular connective tissue

34
Q

inner osteogenic layer of periosteum

A

contains osteoprogenitor cells (primitive stem cells that give rise to most bone cells) and osteoclasts (bone creating cells) and osteoblasts (bone breaking cells)

35
Q

osteoclast

A

bone CREATING cells

36
Q

osteoblast

A

bone BREAKING cells

37
Q

perforating fibers

A

bundles of collagen fibers that extend into the bone matrix that secure the periosteum to underlying bone

38
Q

endosteum

A

connective tissue membrane covering internal bone surfaces

39
Q

Main vessels serving the diaphysis

A

nutrient artery and nutrient vein

40
Q

foramen

A

hole opening in a bone or between body cavities

41
Q

The nutrient artery and vein run though the…

A

nutrient foramen

42
Q

hematopoietic tissue is also called

A

red marrow

43
Q

Three types of bone markings

A

projections (that ares sites of muscle and ligament attachment), surfaces (that form joints), depressions and opening (for blood vessels and nerve)

44
Q

Five major cell types that populate bone tissue

A

osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, bone lining cells, osteoclasts

45
Q

altername name for osteoprogenitor cells

A

osteogenic cell

46
Q

osetoprogenitor cell

A

stem cell

47
Q

osteoblast

A

matrix-synthesizing cell; responsible for bone growth

48
Q

osteocyte

A

mature bone cell; monitors and maintains the mineralized bone matrix

49
Q

osteoclast

A

bone-resorbing

50
Q

bone lining cells are found

A

on bone surfaces where bone remodeling is not happening

51
Q

osteon

A

system of interconnecting canals in the microscopic structure of adult compact bone; unit of bone; also called Haversian system

52
Q

lamella

A

a layer, such as of bone matrix in an osteon of compact bone

53
Q

other name for compact bone

A

lamellar bone

54
Q

central canal

A

the canal in the center of each osteon that contains minute blood vessels and nerve fibers that serve the needs of osteocytes

55
Q

perforating canals

A

canals that run at right angles to the long axis of the bone, connecting the vascular and nerve of the periosteum to those of the central canals and medullary cavity

56
Q

other name for perforating canals

A

volkmann’s canals

57
Q

what occupies the lacunae

A

spider-shaped osteocytes

58
Q

canaliculi

A

hairlike canals that radiate from the lacunae, connecting them to each other

59
Q

Lacunae contains

A

osteocytes

a&p (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions