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Year 12 Psych revision > nervous system and functioning > Flashcards

nervous system and functioning Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system

A

transmits and receives messages to and from the peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

CNS: Brain

A

responsible for everything we think, feel and do

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3
Q

CNS: spinal cord

A

connects brain and peripheral nervous system

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4
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

carries messages to and from central nervous system

muscles, organs, glands

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5
Q

PNS: somatic nervous system

A

carries messages from sensory receptors in the body to the central nervous system
and motor messages from the CNS to skeletal muscles

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6
Q

PNS: autonomic nervous system

A

connects central nervous system to internal organs and glands; self regulating

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7
Q

ANS: sympathetic nervous system

A

prepares body for action

pupils dilate, increase heart rate, relaxes bladder

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8
Q

ANS: parasympathetic nervous system

A

relaxes the body after action

pupils constrict, heart rate slows, bladder constricts

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9
Q

conscious responses

A

communication involves conscious awareness
talking, waving
somatic nervous system functions

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10
Q

unconscious responses

A

some communication involves unconscious awareness
breathing, stomach contractions
autonomic nervous system functions

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11
Q

spinal reflex

A

unconscious reactions in the form of autonomic and finely coordinated movements in response to external stimuli
initiated by inter, sensory and motor neurons (in spinal cord)
pain can’t be felt till message reaches the brain

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12
Q

communication within a neuron

A

neuron has resting potential when not activated
negatively charge ions=inside neuron
positively charged ions= outside neuron
action potential is initiated by the soma and travels along axon towards the axon terminals
negative and positive ions swap
all or nothing process
electrical energy

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13
Q

neural communication

A

synaptic knob/terminal button of pre synaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters across synaptic gap/synapse
received by dendrite of post synaptic neuron

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14
Q

the role of neurotransmitters

A

chemical substance made up of small molecules
when the neurotransmitter is released it finds receptor on the post synaptic neuron
each neurotransmitter binds with its specific type of receptor
lock and key process to unlock action potential

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15
Q

lock and key process

A

only the neurotransmitters(key) that are the right chemical shape to fit in to the receptors(lock) on the post synaptic neuron’s dendrites, will be admitted into the neuron

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16
Q

excitatory effect

A

makes the pos synaptic neuron more likely to fire (trigger action potential
glutamate- esssential for memory formation and learning

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17
Q

inhibitory effect

A

makes the post synaptic neuron less likely to fire

GABA- essential for motor control, reduces anxiety

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18
Q

parkinson’s disease: motor symptoms

A

Abnormal Posture/ postural instability
Resting tremor
Reduced coordination & balance

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19
Q

Eustress

A

positive psychological response to the stressor when the stress is beneficial or desirable
enthusiastic, motivated, excited
(short term)

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20
Q

distress

A

negative psychological response to the stressor when the stress is undesirable
anger, anxiety, nervousness
(short/long term)

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21
Q

daily pressures

A

stresses that consist of minor events that occur throughout each day

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22
Q

life events

A

major significant but relatively rare events that require a change in behaviour within a short time

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23
Q

acculturative stress

A

a person changing their behaviour to adopt the cultural traits of the dominant culture they have moved to`

24
Q

catastrophe stress

A

sudden/unpredictable event that is out of control of the individual and causes suffering

25
Fight-Flight-Freeze response
involuntary reaction resulting in a state of physiological readiness to deal with an acute stressor or immediate threat. fight- confronting it flight- escaping to safety freeze- staying still/avoiding detection
26
the role of cortisol
stress hormone that energises body by increasing energy supplies produced by adrenaline glands secrete glucose into bloodstream from muscles to use energy source anti-inflammatory effect, blocking white blood cells suppresses activity of immune system to divert energy to body's stress combating efforts may increase vulnerability to viral/bacterial infection
27
G.A.S: stage 1
alarm reaction: shock | first becomes aware of the stressor and the body goes into a temporary state of distress or fright
28
G.A.S: stage 1 (pt 2)
alarm reaction: counter-shock | sympathetic nervous system activates the muscles, organs, glands to increase the body's resistance to the stressor
29
G.A.S: stage 2
resistance body's ability to withstand stressor rises above normal cortisol+adrenaline if successful parasympathetic NS will return the body to homeostasis
30
G.A.S: stage 3
exhaustion if resistance phase lasts long enough the body will undergo physical signs of wear and tear high levels of cortisol still in body=vulnerability
31
G.A.S
genereal adaptation syndrome | Seleye
32
lazarus and folkman
transactional model of stress and coping
33
transactional model of stress and coping: primary appraisal
``` evaluation of the significance of the vent/stressor harm/loss threat challenge irrelevant benign ```
34
transactional model of stress and coping: secondary appraisal
facing a stressor, it is an assessment of people's coping options and resources at this stage person can reappraise
35
transactional model of stress and coping: reappraise
follows an earlier reappraisal to same stressor and modifies it
36
context specific effectiveness
where there is a match or a good fit between the coping strategy that is used and the stressful situation physical environment the stressor individual involved
37
coping flexibility
a persons ability to effectively modify coping behaviour according to the nature of each stressor
38
ability to cope
context specific effectiveness + coping flexibility
39
approach strategy
behaviours that attempt to decrease the stress by reducing the problem healthy response to stress (commence homework, apply for jobs)
40
avoidance strategy
avoiding dealing with stress by protect oneself from psychological distress maladaptive, unhealthy for the individual and unhelpful for relieving the source of the stress ignore the facts, denial
41
exercise strategy
activities to promote or maintain your bodily health being physically active releases endorphins- chemical that promote feeling of wellbeing provide an avenue for people to expel built up stress or tension
42
parkinson's disease: non motor symptoms
Sleep disturbances/ Fatigue Dementia Anxiety/ depression
43
problem focused coping
works out ways to manage or change the problem or | stressful situation
44
emotion focused coping
Involves trying to reduce the negative emotional feelings associated with the stressor
45
sources of stress
``` major catastrophe acculturative life events daily pressures ```
46
dendrites
receive information from other neurons | conduct nerve impulses toward the soma
47
axon
nerve fibre that carries information away from the soma | toward other cells that communicate with the neuron.
48
myelin sheath
layer of fatty tissue surrounding the axon of a neuron that acts as an insulator + allows faster transmission of the electrical signal.
49
axon terminals
initiates the communication between two neuron's across a synapse (gap)
50
GAS strengths
measures a predictable pattern that can be measured in individuals
51
GAS limitation
research conducted on rats, doesn't account for individual differences
52
Transactional strengths
Emphasises the importance of cognitive appraisal in determining the stress response
53
Transactional limitations
difficult to test through experimental research because of the subjective nature complexity of individual responses to stressful experiences.
54
sensory neurons
carry sensory information to CNS
55
Motor neurons
Carry motor commands from cns to muscles, organs, glands

Year 12 Psych revision (7 decks)

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