Nervous System And Endocrine System Flashcards
Central nervous system
Brain and spine
Peripheral nervous system
Connects to central nervous system to the rest of the body and is made up of sensory and motor neurons.
Neurons
Nerve cells
Nerves
A bundle of neurons
Sensory nerves
Detects change in sense organs and sends a message to central nervous system
Interneurons
Make a link between sensory and motor neurons and carries nerve impulses.
Motor neurons
They cause a change in muscles and organs.
Organelles
Small structure in a cell which does a special function
Cytosol
The fluid in cells
Cell membrane
Structure that encloses everything in the cell. (Border)
Cell body
Contains the nucleus of a neuron (grey matter)
Dendrites
Structure that relays information towards the body of a neuron
Axon
What neurons travel along
Myelin
Fatty substance that covers axon
Synapse
The gap between adjoining neutrons which electrical impulses are sent
Vesicles
A small cavity with fluids
Neurotransmitter
Chemical released from the axon terminals into the synapse between your nerve cells
Reflex arc
A small nervous pathway with a smal number of neurons, a reflex occurs when neurons travel to the brain and spinal cord and then to the effector/organ.
Olfactory nerve:
nerve that sends signals to the brain from the chemoreceptors in the nose
Cerebrum
The largest part of your brain which takes up the thinking aspect and decision making area of your brain. It takes up 90% of your brain.
Cerebellum
Means little brain in Latin. It performs tasks such as posture, positioning, coordination. It also does language, memory. You wouldn’t be able to walk.
Brain stem
Controls your heart rate and autonomous actions. This includes breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, etc.
What does each side of the brain do?
Right side:
Performs logical tasks, eg mathematics.
Left side:
Creative, coordination and arts.
