Exam Revision Flashcards
Neurotransmitter
Release chemical messages between synapses, in order to communicate with other neurons
Endocrine Gland
Glands of the endocrine system which release horomones into the bloodstream, with ducts
Dendrites
The branches at the top of a neuron which receive the message from the previous neuron, via neurotransmission
Axon
The long part in the neuron, which carries the electrical signal
Myelin
Fatty white substance, which surrounds the axon. It’s use is to amplify the speed, which the electrical signals travel down the axon.
Synapse
The gap where neurotransmitters transmit chemicals.
Vesicles
Store chemicals from neurotransmitters.
Hypothalamus
Links the nervous system to the endocrine system, via the pituary gland. Produces many essential hormones.
Pituitary gland
Links the nervous system and endocrine system
Pineal Gland
Small gland in the brain, which produces melatonin, which helps regulate sleep.
Glucose
Is a form of sugar.
Pancreas
Releases pancreatic juice into the stomach, to assist with digestion. Also regulates blood sugar and releases hormones into the bloodstream
Arterioles
Extends and branches out from arteries and into capillaries.
Lipids
Fats and oils
Protein
Consists of long amino acid residues and compounds. It is essential for survival
Mineral
Minerals in our body include…
Calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, sodium, manganese, iodine and selenium.
Vitamins
An organic compound or nutrient, which is essential for survival
Enzymes
Speed up chemical reactions but do not get used up in the process.
Bolus
Is a discrete amount of medication or drug
Saliva
Liquids in mouths produced by salivary glands, in order to help digestion (chemical digestion).
Peristalsis
Contractions in the stomach, large intestine and oesophagus in order to help digestion
Villi / Villus
Used for absorption in the small intestine, which are one cell thick, which allows a small diffusion pathway.
Bile
Green/yellow liquid produced by the liver, which aids digestion
Liver
Detoxifies poisons and creates bile
Nephron
Part of the kidney, is used to regulate the concentration of water and substances like sodium and filtering it.
Kidney
Extract waste from blood, balance body fluids and form urine. There are two kidneys in every regular body
Ureter
The duct which urine travels from the kidney to the bladder.
Metabolism
Converts fuel/food to run cellular processes.
Lactic Acids
A food preservatitive, curing and flavouring agent. Produced by muscles during exercise.
Mutualism
+ + relationship
Commensalism
+ and null relationship
Photosynthesis Equation
6CO2 +12H20 -> c6h12o6 + 6O2 + 12H2O
Arrow has light and chlorophyll
Anaerobic Respiration
602 + C6H1206 -> ATP + 6C02 + 6H2O
Chloroplast
Green organelles found in plants which perform photosynthesis
Emigration
Leaving area to live in another area
Chlorophyll
Green pigments found in chloroplasts
Immigration
Coming to live in a foreign country permanently
Introduced Species
A species not native to the region comes and lives in the region.
Rift Valley
A valley between mountains.
Horst
A part of the Earth’s crust, which has lifted to the surface.
Tremor
A slight earthquake.
Triangulation
Where three seismographs locate the area of an Earthquake to get a precise position of the earthquake. This is done to gain information about it, or predict it.
P-wave
S-wave
L-wave
P-wave : fastest wave and travels through anything
S-wave: secondary wave and cannot travel through liquids
L-wave: slowest wave and travels on the surface of the Earth
