Exam Revision

Question 1

Neurotransmitter

Answer 1

Release chemical messages between synapses, in order to communicate with other neurons

Question 2

Endocrine Gland

Answer 2

Glands of the endocrine system which release horomones into the bloodstream, with ducts

Question 3

Dendrites

Answer 3

The branches at the top of a neuron which receive the message from the previous neuron, via neurotransmission

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

The long part in the neuron, which carries the electrical signal

Question 5

Myelin

Answer 5

Fatty white substance, which surrounds the axon. It’s use is to amplify the speed, which the electrical signals travel down the axon.

Question 6

Synapse

Answer 6

The gap where neurotransmitters transmit chemicals.

Question 7

Vesicles

Answer 7

Store chemicals from neurotransmitters.

Question 8

Hypothalamus

Answer 8

Links the nervous system to the endocrine system, via the pituary gland. Produces many essential hormones.

Question 9

Pituitary gland

Answer 9

Links the nervous system and endocrine system

Question 10

Pineal Gland

Answer 10

Small gland in the brain, which produces melatonin, which helps regulate sleep.

Question 11

Glucose

Answer 11

Is a form of sugar.

Question 12

Pancreas

Answer 12

Releases pancreatic juice into the stomach, to assist with digestion. Also regulates blood sugar and releases hormones into the bloodstream

Question 13

Arterioles

Answer 13

Extends and branches out from arteries and into capillaries.

Question 14

Lipids

Answer 14

Fats and oils

Question 15

Protein

Answer 15

Consists of long amino acid residues and compounds. It is essential for survival

Question 16

Mineral

Answer 16

Minerals in our body include…

Calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, sodium, manganese, iodine and selenium.

Question 17

Vitamins

Answer 17

An organic compound or nutrient, which is essential for survival

Question 18

Enzymes

Answer 18

Speed up chemical reactions but do not get used up in the process.

Question 19

Bolus

Answer 19

Is a discrete amount of medication or drug

Question 20

Saliva

Answer 20

Liquids in mouths produced by salivary glands, in order to help digestion (chemical digestion).

Question 21

Peristalsis

Answer 21

Contractions in the stomach, large intestine and oesophagus in order to help digestion

Question 22

Villi / Villus

Answer 22

Used for absorption in the small intestine, which are one cell thick, which allows a small diffusion pathway.

Question 23

Bile

Answer 23

Green/yellow liquid produced by the liver, which aids digestion

Question 24

Liver

Answer 24

Detoxifies poisons and creates bile

Question 25

Nephron

Answer 25

Part of the kidney, is used to regulate the concentration of water and substances like sodium and filtering it.

Question 26

Kidney

Answer 26

Extract waste from blood, balance body fluids and form urine. There are two kidneys in every regular body

Question 27

Ureter

Answer 27

The duct which urine travels from the kidney to the bladder.

Question 28

Metabolism

Answer 28

Converts fuel/food to run cellular processes.

Question 29

Lactic Acids

Answer 29

A food preservatitive, curing and flavouring agent. Produced by muscles during exercise.

Question 30

Mutualism

Answer 30

+ + relationship

Question 31

Commensalism

Answer 31

+ and null relationship

Question 32

Photosynthesis Equation

Answer 32

6CO2 +12H20 -> c6h12o6 + 6O2 + 12H2O Arrow has light and chlorophyll

Question 33

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 33

602 + C6H1206 -> ATP + 6C02 + 6H2O

Question 34

Chloroplast

Answer 34

Green organelles found in plants which perform photosynthesis

Question 35

Emigration

Answer 35

Leaving area to live in another area

Question 36

Chlorophyll

Answer 36

Green pigments found in chloroplasts

Question 37

Immigration

Answer 37

Coming to live in a foreign country permanently

Question 38

Introduced Species

Answer 38

A species not native to the region comes and lives in the region.

Question 39

Rift Valley

Answer 39

A valley between mountains.

Question 40

Horst

Answer 40

A part of the Earth’s crust, which has lifted to the surface.

Question 41

Tremor

Answer 41

A slight earthquake.

Question 42

Triangulation

Answer 42

Where three seismographs locate the area of an Earthquake to get a precise position of the earthquake. This is done to gain information about it, or predict it.

Question 43

P-wave S-wave L-wave

Answer 43

P-wave : fastest wave and travels through anything S-wave: secondary wave and cannot travel through liquids L-wave: slowest wave and travels on the surface of the Earth