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Exam Revision Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Release chemical messages between synapses, in order to communicate with other neurons

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2
Q

Endocrine Gland

A

Glands of the endocrine system which release horomones into the bloodstream, with ducts

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3
Q

Dendrites

A

The branches at the top of a neuron which receive the message from the previous neuron, via neurotransmission

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4
Q

Axon

A

The long part in the neuron, which carries the electrical signal

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5
Q

Myelin

A

Fatty white substance, which surrounds the axon. It’s use is to amplify the speed, which the electrical signals travel down the axon.

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6
Q

Synapse

A

The gap where neurotransmitters transmit chemicals.

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7
Q

Vesicles

A

Store chemicals from neurotransmitters.

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8
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Links the nervous system to the endocrine system, via the pituary gland. Produces many essential hormones.

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9
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Links the nervous system and endocrine system

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10
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Small gland in the brain, which produces melatonin, which helps regulate sleep.

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11
Q

Glucose

A

Is a form of sugar.

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12
Q

Pancreas

A

Releases pancreatic juice into the stomach, to assist with digestion. Also regulates blood sugar and releases hormones into the bloodstream

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13
Q

Arterioles

A

Extends and branches out from arteries and into capillaries.

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14
Q

Lipids

A

Fats and oils

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15
Q

Protein

A

Consists of long amino acid residues and compounds. It is essential for survival

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16
Q

Mineral

A

Minerals in our body include…

Calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, sodium, manganese, iodine and selenium.

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17
Q

Vitamins

A

An organic compound or nutrient, which is essential for survival

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18
Q

Enzymes

A

Speed up chemical reactions but do not get used up in the process.

19
Q

Bolus

A

Is a discrete amount of medication or drug

20
Q

Saliva

A

Liquids in mouths produced by salivary glands, in order to help digestion (chemical digestion).

21
Q

Peristalsis

A

Contractions in the stomach, large intestine and oesophagus in order to help digestion

22
Q

Villi / Villus

A

Used for absorption in the small intestine, which are one cell thick, which allows a small diffusion pathway.

23
Q

Bile

A

Green/yellow liquid produced by the liver, which aids digestion

24
Q

Liver

A

Detoxifies poisons and creates bile

25
Q

Nephron

A

Part of the kidney, is used to regulate the concentration of water and substances like sodium and filtering it.

26
Q

Kidney

A

Extract waste from blood, balance body fluids and form urine. There are two kidneys in every regular body

27
Q

Ureter

A

The duct which urine travels from the kidney to the bladder.

28
Q

Metabolism

A

Converts fuel/food to run cellular processes.

29
Q

Lactic Acids

A

A food preservatitive, curing and flavouring agent. Produced by muscles during exercise.

30
Q

Mutualism

A

+ + relationship

31
Q

Commensalism

A

+ and null relationship

32
Q

Photosynthesis Equation

A

6CO2 +12H20 -> c6h12o6 + 6O2 + 12H2O

Arrow has light and chlorophyll

33
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A

602 + C6H1206 -> ATP + 6C02 + 6H2O

34
Q

Chloroplast

A

Green organelles found in plants which perform photosynthesis

35
Q

Emigration

A

Leaving area to live in another area

36
Q

Chlorophyll

A

Green pigments found in chloroplasts

37
Q

Immigration

A

Coming to live in a foreign country permanently

38
Q

Introduced Species

A

A species not native to the region comes and lives in the region.

39
Q

Rift Valley

A

A valley between mountains.

40
Q

Horst

A

A part of the Earth’s crust, which has lifted to the surface.

41
Q

Tremor

A

A slight earthquake.

42
Q

Triangulation

A

Where three seismographs locate the area of an Earthquake to get a precise position of the earthquake. This is done to gain information about it, or predict it.

43
Q

P-wave
S-wave
L-wave

A

P-wave : fastest wave and travels through anything
S-wave: secondary wave and cannot travel through liquids
L-wave: slowest wave and travels on the surface of the Earth

Science (8 decks)

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