Geology

Question 1

Fault

Answer 1

a break in a rock structure causing a sliding movement of the rocks along the break

Question 2

Folding

Answer 2

When rocks are pushing towards each other and cause a mountain or valley without breaking any rocks

Question 3

Anticlines and synclines

Answer 3

Rocks that Bend up - anticlines

Rocks that bend down - synclines

Question 4

Mantle

Answer 4

A thick layer in the Earths crust. The top is made out of molten magma while the rest is solid

Question 5

Plate Tectonics

Answer 5

the theory concerning the movement of the continental plates

Question 6

Convection Currents

Answer 6

circular movement that occurs when warmer, less dense fluid particles rise and cooler, denser fluid particles sink

Question 7

Continental crust and oceanic crust

Answer 7

Continental - make up land

Oceanic - make up oceans

Question 8

Subduction

Answer 8

process in which two tectonic plates push against each other, and oceanic crust sinks below the less dense continental crust

Question 9

Destructive Plate Boundary

Answer 9

a convergent boundary where two plates collide

Question 10

Constructive Plate

Answer 10

Plate that creates new land from cooling magma

Question 11

Ocean Ridges

Answer 11

an area where the tectonic plates move apart, allowing magma from the mantle to rise, forming underwater volcanoes and creating new oceanic crust as it is cooled and solidified by sea water

Question 12

Conservative plate boundaries

Answer 12

Slipping and sliding boundary

Question 13

Pangaea, laurasia and Gondwanaland

Answer 13

Pangaea, The old super contitinent

When they split up, they formed

Gondwanaland - Africa, South America, Antarctica and australia
Laurasia - Europe, North America and Asia

Question 14

Volcanoes

Answer 14

natural opening in the Earth’s crust connected to areas of molten rock deep inside the crust

Question 15

Hotspot

Answer 15

Hotter spots in the crust/mantle which causes volcanoes to occur

Question 16

Magma

Answer 16

Molten rock below the crust

Question 17

Lava

Answer 17

Magma above the crust

Question 18

Volcanic Bombs

Answer 18

Larger fragments which are ejected from the volcano. These fragments were causing the volcano to not erupt

Question 19

Active, dormant and extinct volcanoes

Answer 19

Active - currently erupting
Dormant - hasn’t erupted in 20 years
Extinct- hasn’t erupted in 1000+ years

Question 20

Alfred Wegener

Answer 20

Creator of the Plate Tectonics theory

Question 21

Harry Hess

Answer 21

Created the theory of Seafloor Spreading

Question 22

Sedimentary rocks and their types

Answer 22

Sedimentary

A rock that is made up layers that are natural.

Organic: made of organic matter, eg coal
Clastic: made of deposited layers, eg sandstone
Crystalline: made of a mineral but has a certain procedure done to it.

Question 23

Fault or Transform Boundary

Answer 23

Fault:
A fracture in rock, due to pressure

When plates slide past each other, strike slip faults
When plates slide up and down, normal fault
When plates slide down and up, thrust/reverse fault