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Anatomy- Sem 2 > Nervous System and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Nervous System and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

A
  1. Central nervous system = brain and spinal cord
  2. Peripheral nervous system = cranial nerves and spinal cord branches
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2
Q

What is the difference between Afferent and Efferent fibres?

A

Afferent fibres carry information TO the CNS

Efferent fibres carry information OUT of the CNS

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3
Q

What are 2 examples of afferent fibres?

A
  1. Somatosensory fibres (skeletal muscle)
  2. Viscerosensory fibres (cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands)
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4
Q

What are 2 examples of efferent fibres?

A
  1. Somatomotor = commands skeletal muscle
  2. Visceromotor (Automatic nervous sytem) = commands viscera (parasympathetic and sympathetic)
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5
Q

What are the 5 main features of cranial nerves?

A
  1. 12 pairs
  2. Can contain afferent and efferent fibres
  3. Impulses from base of the brain
  4. Leave through openings in the cranial fossa
  5. Supply head and neck
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6
Q

What are the 2 main features of spinal nerves?

A
  1. 31 pairs
  2. Carry impulses from spinal cord
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7
Q

What are the 8 relevant openings in the cranial fossa (anterior to posterior)?

A
  1. Cribiform plate
  2. Optic canal
  3. Superior orbital fissure
  4. Foramen rotundum
  5. Foramen ovale
  6. Internal acoustic meatus
  7. Jugular foramen
  8. Hypoglossal canal
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8
Q

What is cranial nerve 1?

A

Olfactory nerve

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9
Q

What are the fibre types, the cranial fossa exit, and the sensory location for the olfactory nerve (CN1)?

A

Fibre type = special sensory (smell)

Exit = cribiform plate

Sensory location = mucosa of nasal cavity

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10
Q

What is cranial nerve 2?

A

Optic nerve

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11
Q

What are the fibre types, the cranial fossa exit, and the sensory location for the optic nerve?

A

Fibre type = Special sensory (sight)

Exit = Optic canal

Sensory location = Retina

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12
Q

What are cranial nerves 3, 4, and 6?

A

3 = Oculomotor nerve

4 = Trochlear nerve

6 = Abducent nerve

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13
Q

What are the fibre types, the cranial fossa exit, and target location for the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducent nerves?

A

Fibre types = all 3 have motor fibres, but oculomotor also has parasympathetic fibres

Exit = Superior cranial fossa

Target = Motor fibres to eye muscles, parasympathetic firbes to ciliary msucles and iris

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14
Q

What is cranial nerve 5?

A

The trigeminal nerve

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15
Q

The trigeminal nerve arises as a short trunk before entering the trigeminal ganglion and viding into three divisions. What are these divisions?

A
  1. Opthalmic division
  2. Maxillary division
  3. Mandibular division
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16
Q

What are the fiber types, the cranial fossa exit, and the sensory organs of the opthalmic nerve?

A

Fibre type = sensory

Exit = superior orbital fissure

Sensory organs = orbit, nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, and face

17
Q

What are the fibre types, the cranial fossa exit, and the sensory organs of the maxillary nerve?

A

Fibre type = Sensory

Exit = Foramen rotundum

Sensory organs = palate, nasal cavity, maxillary sinus + teeth, pharynx

18
Q

What is the fibre type, the cranial fossa exit, and the target organs of the mandibular nerve?

A

Fibre type = Sensory and motor

Exit = Foramen ovale

Sensory organ = mandibular teeth, meninges, face

Motor organ = muscles of mastication

19
Q

What is cranial nerve 7?

A

The facial nerve

20
Q

What are the fibre types and cranial fossa exits for the facial nerve?

A

Fibre types = sensory, special sensory, motor, and parasympathetic

Exits = Internal acoustic meatus + stylomastoid foramen

21
Q

The facial nerve targets 4 organs. What are they?

A
  1. External ear (sensory)
  2. Taste ant 2/3 tongue, soft palate (special sensory)
  3. Muscles of facial expression, neck, and ear (motor)
  4. Submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands (parasympathetic)
22
Q

The facial nerve forges the facial canal and branches. What are these?

A
  1. Greater petrosal nerve
    (Parasympathetic = lacrimal, nasal, and palatine + taste = palate)
  2. Facial nerve proper
    (Motor = face, Parasympathetic = submandibular + sublingual glands, Taste = 2/3 of tongue via chords tympanic)
23
Q

The Facial nerve exits via stylomastoid foramen to supply the neck msucles. It enters and divides in parotid gland to 5 facial branches. What are they?

A
  1. Temporal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Buccal
  4. Mandibular
  5. Cervical
24
Q

What is cranial nerve 8?

A

The vestibulocochlear nerve

25
Q

What are the fibre types, the skull exit, and the target organ for the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Fibre type = Special sensory

Exit = Internal acoustic meatus

Target organ = Ear

26
Q

What is cranial nerve 9?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve

27
Q

What are the fibre types, the cranial fossa exit, and target organs for the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Fibre types = Sensory, special sensory, parasympathetic, and motor

Exit = Jugular foramen

Targets = Post 1/3 tongue, pharynx, nose, palate, middle ear, parotid gland, and stylopharyngeus

28
Q

What is cranial nerve 10?

A

The vagus nerve

29
Q

What are the fibre types, cranial fossa exits, and target organs for the Vagus nerve?

A

Fibre types = Sensory, parasympathetic, and motor

Exit = Jugular foramen

Targets = Larynx, pharynx, abdomen, thorax, pharyngeal, and laryngeal

30
Q

What is cranial nerve 11?

A

The spinal accessory nerve

31
Q

What is the fibre type, the cranial fossa exit, and the target organ for the spinal accessory nerve?

A

Fibre types = Motor

Exit = Jugular foramen

Target = Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

32
Q

What is cranial nerve 12?

A

The hypoglossal nerve

33
Q

What are the fibre types, the cranial fossa exit, and the target organ of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Fibre types = Motor

Exit = Hypoglossal canal

Target = Muscles of tongue

34
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A
  1. Olfactory nerve
  2. Optic nerve
  3. Oculomotor
  4. Trochlear nerve
  5. Trigeminal nerve (Ophtalmic, Maxillary, Mandibular)
  6. Abducent nerve
  7. Facial nerve
  8. Vestibulocochlear nerve
  9. Glossopharyngeal nerve
  10. Vagus nerve
  11. Spinal accessroy nerve
  12. Hypoglossal nerve

Anatomy- Sem 2 (4 decks)

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