Anatomy - Blood Circulation Flashcards
Arteries and veins are used for systemic and pulomnary circulation. What are the 4 key differences between arteries and veins?
- Arteries carry oxygenated blood under pressure from heart, pressure is reduced in capillariess so veins are low pressure
- Arteries often have thicker walls (smooth muscle and elastin) and smaller diameter than veins
- Arteries don’t have valves, except from origins at heart
- Veins are often superficial to arteries to facilitate blood flow
What are the three branches stemming from the arch of the aorta?
- Brachiocephalic trunk
- Left common carotid artery
- Left subclavian artery
What are the two branches of the brachiocephalic trunk?
- Right common carotid artery
- Right Subclavian artery
What does the right common carotid artery bifurcate into?
The external and internal carotid arteries
What are the definitive features of the internal carotid artery?
- Arises at bifurcation of common carotid artery
- Remains unbranched in the neck
- Ophthalmic artery branches in cranial fossa to eye
Working upwards, what are the three anterior branches of the external carotid artery?
- Superior thyroid artery
- Lingual artery
- Facial artery
Working upwards, what are the three posterior branches of the external carotid artery?
- Ascending pharyngeal artery
- Occipital artery
- Posterior auricular artery
Working upwards, what are the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery?
- Maxillary artery
- Superficial temporal artery
What are the definitive features of the superior thyroid artery?
- Passes inferiorly to thyroid gland
- Deep to infrahyoid strap muscles of neck
What are the definitive features of the lingual artery?
Passes deep to intermediate tendon of digastric and submandibular gland to side of tongue and floor of mouth
What are the definitive features of the facial artery?
- Wavy course, superficial
- Loops posterior to submandibular gland, passes over body of mandible
- Supplies submandibular and sublingual glands, soft palate, tonsils, and superficial face
What are the four branches of the facial artery?
- Submental artery
- Inferior labial artery
- Superior labial artery
- Terminates as angular artery
What are the definitive features of the ascending pharyngeal artery?
- Posterior to ramus of mandible
- Deep to neck muscles
- Extra-cranial supply (pharynx, soft palate)
What is the definitive feature of the occiptal artery?
Branches to sternocleidomastoid and posterior to scalp
What is the definitive feature of the posterior articular artery?
Supplies internal and external ear, scalp
What are the definitive features of the maxillary artery?
- Deep to condyle of mandible to pterygopalatine fossa
- Supplies maxillary teeth, TMJ, muscles of mastication, palate, skin of face between eye and mouth
What is the definitive feature of the superficial temporal artery?
Superficial, supplies scalp, ear, orbicularis oculi, and temporalis
What are the 5 branches of the maxillary artery branches?
- Inferior alveolar artery
- Muscles of mastication (MoM) branches
- Posterior superior alveolar (PSA) arteries
- Pterygopalatine fossa branches
- Infraorbital artery
What are the definitive features of the inferior alveolar branch?
- Branch of maxillary artery
- To mandible and teeth
- Branches include the mylohyoid artery
What are the definitive features of the muscles of mastication branches?
- Branches of maxillary artery
- Deep temporal arteries, masseteric, pterygoids
What are the definitive features of the posterior superior alveolar arteries?
- Branches of maxillary artery
- Supplies maxillary teeth
What are the definitive features of the pterygopalatine fossa branches?
- Branches of maxillary cartery
- Branches include descending palatine artery
What are the definitive features of the infraorbital artery?
- Terminal branch of the maxillary artery
- Gives rise to middle and anterior superior alveolar arteries (anterior maxilla)
What are the key features of veins?
- Contains deoxygenated blood under low pressure
- 80% of body’s blood
- Venous return is facilitated through: gravity, muscles in vein walls, external pressures, and valves
- Many anastomoses and many variations
