Nervous System

Question 1

Division of nervous system

Answer 1

central and peripher

Question 2

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 2

• Consists of Brain and spinal cord.
• Combines information from the entire body and coordinates activity across the whole organism
• most protected system of the body (three meninges and cerebrospinal fluid)
• contains nuclei (collection of cell bodies)

Question 3

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 3

• Division of the nervous system containing all nerves that lie outside of the CNS
• connects CNS to organs, limbs and skin
• allows the brain and spinal cord to receive and send information to other areas of the body
• contains ganglia

Question 4

Division of PNS

Answer 4

• Somatic nervous system (SNS)–> transmits sensory and motor signals to and from the central nervous system
• Automatic nervous system (ANS)–> controls the function of our organs and glands, and can be divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Question 5

Divison of Automatic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 5

(belonging to PNS)

• Sympathetic nerves –> project from CNS into lumbar and thoracic regions of the spinal cord
• Parasympathic nerves –> project from brain and sacral region of the spinal cord

Question 6

Cells of Nervous system

Answer 6

Nurons and Glial cells

Question 7

Anatomy of Neurons

Answer 7

Reception, Conduction and Transmission of electrochemical signals. Components are

• Dendrites
• Soma
• Axon
• Axon terminal
• Nucleus

Question 8

Dendrites

Answer 8

Input zone : receice electrical and chemical messages through neurotransmitters
Messages are inhibitory or excitatory
-Inh.- no transmission to axon
-Exc.- transmission

Question 9

Soma

Answer 9

Cell Body. Contains nucleus (Contains DNA and prduces Ribosomes)
Support structures are Endoplasmatic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and Mitochondria
- responsible for production of neurotransmitters and proteins

Question 10

Axon Hillock

Answer 10

• Controls firing of the neuron
• Neurons integration zone (gathers and integrates imformation from synapses on dendrites and soma, converts into electrical impulses, sends it down axon)

Question 11

Axon

Answer 11

Conduction zone. Carries information from body to terminal buttons.
Some axons covered in myelin sheath. Interruption through nodec of Ranvier
Axon terminal –> output zone

Question 12

Terminal buttons

Answer 12

Small knobs at end of axon. Release of Neurotransmitters into synapses

Question 13

Synapse

Answer 13

Communication sites where neurons pass nerve impulses among themselves. Separated by thin gap- synaptic cleft

Question 14

Three categories of neurons

Answer 14

multipolar, unipolar and bipolar neurons

Question 15

Bipolar neurons

Answer 15

Two processes. Found in PNS. Main function : transmitting sensory information to CNS (found in olfactory, visual, hearing -sensory functions)

Question 16

Unipolar neurons

Answer 16

One process. Found in ganglia and spinal cord.

Question 17

Multipolar neurons

Answer 17

Most common of neuron types. Many sets of dendrites and one main axon. Found in CNS- Motor function

Question 18

Multipolar interneurons

Answer 18

Short axon/ no axon at all. Receiving information, processing and passing on information

Question 19

Functions of Neurons

Answer 19

Sensory Neurons –> detect changes in external/internal environment, send info to CNS (mostly unipolar neurons)

Motor Neurons–> receive info from other neurons and convey commands to muscle organs and glands

Interneurons–> Short or no Axon in CNS. Passing on information.

Question 20

Clusters of cell bodies

Answer 20

CNS = Nuclei, PNS= Ganglia

Question 21

Bundles of nerve fibers (axons)

Answer 21

CNS= Tracts PNS= Nerves

Question 22

Myelin providing glia

Answer 22

CNS= Oligodendrocytes, PNS= Schwann cells