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Body and Behaviour Val > Brain Parts and Functions > Flashcards

Brain Parts and Functions Flashcards

1
Q

Telencephalon

A
  • Largest part of the brain
  • Mediates brains most complex functions like interpreting touch, vison hearing, speech, reasoning, emotions, learning and fine control of movement
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2
Q

Corpus Callosum

A
  • largest cerebral comissure
  • connects hemispheres
  • transmits messages from one side to the other
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3
Q

Cerebral comissures

A

fiber bundles that connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain

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4
Q

Left hemisphere

A

Responsible for language and speech, comprehension, arithmetic and writing. Dominant in hand use

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5
Q

Right hemisphere

A

Creativity, spatial ability, artistic and musical skills, plays large part in interpretation of visual information and spatial processing

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6
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

-tissue layer that covers the cerebral hemispheres
-contains Gyrus (folds)
-and wrinkles between folds -Sulcus
- Mainly composed of Gray matter (unmyelinated small neurons)
.Layer beneath cortex composed of white matter

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7
Q

Neocortex

A
  • 90% of cerebral cortex is called Neocortex

- Divided in six layers

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8
Q

-Cortical Neurons

A
  1. Pyramidal cells
  2. Stellate cells

-many long axons and dendrites course vertically through neocortx. Vertical flow of information is the basis of neocortex columnar organisation.

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9
Q

Columnar Organisation

A

Often form small circuit that performs single function

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10
Q

Hippocampus

A

Located at medial edge of cerebral cortex in medial temporal lobe. (sea horse shape)
-major role in memory ( esp. spatial location)

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11
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Largest gyrus in frontal lobe. In front of postcentral gyrus

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12
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

Located in Parietal lobe. Location of primary somatosensory cortex (=main sensory receptive area for sense of touch)

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13
Q

Superior temporal gyrus

A

In temporal lobe. Involved in perception of facial stimuli, auditory processing, function of language

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14
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A

Curved fold covering the corpus callosum. Component of limbic system. Involved in emotion processing and behaviour regulation. Helps regulate autonomic motor functions

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15
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Separates left and right hemisphere

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16
Q

Central fissure and lateral fissure

A

Divide hemispheres in four lobes (prontal, parietal, temporal and occipital)

17
Q

Frontal lobe

A
  • Personality, behaviour, emotions, judgement, planning, problem solving
  • Speech : Speaking and writing (Brocas area)
  • Intelligence, concentration, self awareness
18
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Interprets language and words. Analyses sensation as touch, pain, temperature (sensory strip)

19
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Interprets visual perception (color, light, movement)

20
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Three functional areas

  1. Superior temporal gyrus- Involved in hearing and language (Wernickes area)
  2. Inferior temporal cortex- Involved in identifying complex visual patterns
  3. Medial temporal cortex- Important for certain kind of memory
21
Q

Limbic System

A

Circuit of midline structures that circle thalamus
Consists of
-Hippocampus
-Amygdala
-Fornix
-Cingulate Cortex
-Mammillary body
-Septum
–> center of emotions, learning and memory
regulation of motivated behaviours (fleeing, feeding, fighting, fcking)

22
Q

Hippocampus

A

Three major layers,
Involved in learning, memory and spatial awareness.
Plays important row in consolidating short term memory into long term

23
Q

Amygdala

A

Part of basal ganglia
Processing of memory, decision making and emotional responses (fear, anxiety, aggression)
Associated with reward system
(Important in PTSD and bipolar disorder)

24
Q

Fornix

A

Major tract of limbic system.
Connects mammilary body with hippocampus
Long term information related

25
Q

Cingulate Cortex

A

Receives input from Thalamus and Neocortex

Involved in emotion formation and processing, learning and memory (Important in Schizophrenia and Depression)

26
Q

Mammillary body

A

Alertness and memory formation

Import. in aterograde amnesia

27
Q

Septum

A

Attached to corpus callosum.

Dmage can lead to developmental disorders

28
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Forebrain nuclei including caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus.
Play a role in performance of voluntary motor responses

29
Q

Diencephalon

A

Consists of Thalamus and Hypothalamus

Coordination of muscle movement, balance

30
Q

Thalamus

A

Top of brain stem. Communication center of lobes
Sensory relay nuclei.
1. Lateral geniculate nuclei (visual system)
2. Medial geniculate nuclei (auditory system)
3Ventral posterior nuclei (somatosensory system)

31
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Control of autonomic system. Regulation of eating, sleeping, sexual behaviour.
Body temperature, blood pressure, emotions, secretion of hormones (of pituary gland)
Contains optic chiasm
Mammillary bodies

32
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Divided into Tectum and Tegmentum

33
Q

Tectum

A
  1. Superior Colliculli - Anterior pair. Has visual functions

2. Inferior Colliculli- Posterior pair. Has auditory functions

34
Q

Tegmentum

A

Division of Mesencephalon ventral to tectum. Contains

  1. Periaqueductal gray
  2. Substantia nigra
  3. Red nucleus
35
Q

Metencephalon

A

Many ascending and descending tracts as part of reticular formation (control over signals reaching cerebrum, role in states of consciousness)
MAJOR DIVISION : Pons and Cerebellum

36
Q

Pons

A

Breathing, Communication between brain parts. Sensation (hearing taste balance)

37
Q

Cerebellum

A

Receives information from sensory systems, spinal cord, parts of brain. Regulates motor movement but not restricted to sensorimotor control

38
Q

Myelencephalon (=Medulla)

A

Most posterior division of the brain. Role in arousal. Various nuclei involved in sleeping, attention, movement, muscle maintenance, cardiac and respiratory reflexes.

39
Q

Brain stem

A 
Includes Mesencephalon (midbrain), Metencephalon (pons) and Myelencephalon (medulla) 
Regulates CNS

Body and Behaviour Val (10 decks)

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