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Medical Term > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cerebr/o, encephal/o

A

brain

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2
Q

cephalus

A

head

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3
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum

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4
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

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5
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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6
Q

crani/o

A

head skull

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7
Q

mening/o, meningi/o

A

meninges membrane surround the brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

dur/o

A

dura. tough outer membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord

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9
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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10
Q

gangli/o

A

nerve bundle

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11
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord, bone marrow

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12
Q

esthesi/o

A

feeling sensation

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13
Q

phas/o

A

speech

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14
Q

phren/o, psych/o

A

mind

phreno also means diaphragm

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15
Q

schizo

A

a break from reality

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16
Q

-phobia

A

excessive fear or sensitivity

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17
Q

somn/o somn/i hypn/o

A

sleep

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18
Q

gnosi/o

A

know

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19
Q

-mania

A

excessive desire

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20
Q

-paresis

A

slight or partial paralysis

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21
Q

ton/o

A

musical tone pressure tension

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22
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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23
Q

aphasia

A

inability to speak

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24
Q

ataxia

A

lack of coordination

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25
Q

catatonia

A

condition characterized by reduced muscle tone

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26
Q

delirium

A

brief loss of mental function

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27
Q

dementia

A

loss decline in mental function.

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28
Q

dyskinesia

A

difficulty moving

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29
Q

dyslexia

A

difficulty reading

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30
Q

dysphasia

A

difficulty speaking

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31
Q

dystonia

A

condition characterized by involuntary muscle movement

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32
Q

insomnia

A

inability to sleep

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33
Q

myoclonus

A

muscle twitching

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34
Q

clonus

A

turmoil

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35
Q

myospasm

A

involuntary muscle spasm

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36
Q

neurasthenia

A

nerve weakness

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37
Q

somnambulism

A

sleep walking

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38
Q

syncope

A

fainting losing consciousness due to temporary loss of blood flow to the brain

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39
Q

cephalagia

A

head pain

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40
Q

cephalodynia

A

head pain

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41
Q

encephalagia

A

brain pain

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42
Q

neuralgia

A

nerve pain

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43
Q

neurodynia

A

nerve pain

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44
Q

hemiparesis

A

partial paralysis on half of the body

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45
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis on half the body

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46
Q

monoparesis

A

partial paralysis of one limb

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47
Q

monoplegia

A

paralysis of one limb

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48
Q

paralysis

A

complete loss of sensation and motor function

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49
Q

paresis

A

partial paralysis characterized by varying degrees of sensation and motor function

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50
Q

causalgia

A

painful sensation of burning

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51
Q

caus

A

burn

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52
Q

dysesthesia

A

bad feeling

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53
Q

hyperesthesia

A

increased sensation

54
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal sensation usually numbness or tingling skin

55
Q

pseudesthesia

A

false sensation

56
Q

synesthesia

A

condition where one sensation is experienced as another

57
Q

acrophobia

A

fear of heights

58
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of outdoor spaces

59
Q

hydrophobia

A

fear of water

60
Q

kleptomania

A

desire to steal

61
Q

photophobia

A

excessive sensitivity to light

shows phobia also means sensitivity

62
Q

pyromania

A

desire to set fire

63
Q

echoencephalography

A

procedure used to examine the brain using sound waves

64
Q

electroencephalography EEG

A

procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain

65
Q

Lumbar puncture LP

A

inserting a needle into the lumbar region of the spine in order to collect spinal fluid, commonly called a spinal tap

66
Q

cerebral angiography

A

procedure used to examine blood vessels in the brain

67
Q

magnetic resonance angiography MRA

A

procedure used to examine blood vessels

68
Q

myelogram

A

image of the spinal cord, usually done using x ray

69
Q

positron emission tomography PET scan

A

an imaging procedure that uses radiation positrons to produce cross sections of the brain

70
Q

transcranial doppler sonography

A

an imaging tenchnique that produces an image of the brain using sound waves sent through the skull

71
Q

cerebellitis

A

inflammation of the cerebellum

72
Q

cerebral atrophy

A

wasting away of brain tissue

73
Q

duritis

A

inflammation of the dura

74
Q

encephalocele

A

hernia of the brain normally through a defect in the skull

75
Q

hematoma

A

a tumor like mass made up of blood

76
Q

cranial hematoma

A

a hematoma beneath the skull

77
Q

epidural hematoma

A

a hematoma located on top of the dura

78
Q

intracerebral hematoma

A

a hematoma located inside the brain

79
Q

subdural hematoma

A

a hematoma located beneath the dura

80
Q

macrocephaly

A

abnormally large head

81
Q

microcephaly

A

abnormally small head

82
Q

meningocele

A

a hernia of the meninges

83
Q

myelocele

A

a hernia of the spinal cord

84
Q

myelomalacia

A

abnormal softening of the spinal cord

85
Q

myelomeningocele

A

a hernia of the spinal cord and meninges

86
Q

neuritis

A

nerve inflammation

87
Q

neuroma

A

a nerve tumor

88
Q

neurosclerosis

A

hardening of nerves

89
Q

polyneuritis

A

inflammation of multiple nerves

90
Q

agnosia

A

inability to comprehend

91
Q

apathy

A

lack of emotion

92
Q

hyperkinesia

A

increase in muscle movement or activity

93
Q

neurasthenia

A

nerve weakness

94
Q

neuroglycopenia

A

deficiency of sugar that interferes with normal brain activity

95
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary back and forth eye movements

96
Q

prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize faces

97
Q

anesthesiologist

A

doctor who specializes in anesthesiology

98
Q

afferent nerve

A

a nerve that carries impulses toward the CNS

99
Q

efferent nerve

A

a nerve that carries impulses away from the CNS

100
Q

neurogenic

A

originating from created by nerves

101
Q

psychiatrist

A

doctor who specializes in treatment of the mind

102
Q

psychiatry

A

branch of medicine that focuses on the treatment of the mind

103
Q

psychogenic

A

originating in created by the mind

104
Q

psychologist

A

doctor who specializes in the study of the mind

105
Q

psychology

A

brand of medicine that focuses on the study of the mind

106
Q

psychosomatic

A

pertaining to the relationship between the body and the mind

107
Q

idiopathic

A

having no known cause or origin

108
Q

interictal

A

time between seizures

109
Q

ictal

A

seizure

110
Q

postictal

A

time after a seizure

111
Q

preictal

A

time before a seizure

112
Q

tonic

A

pertaining to muscle tone normally weak or unresponsive

113
Q

clonus

A

muscle spasm or twitching

114
Q

tonic clonic seizure

A

a seizure characterized by both a tonic and clonic phase

115
Q

ADHD

A

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

116
Q

ALS

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease)

117
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

118
Q

CP

A

cerebral palsy

119
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

120
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident

121
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalogram

122
Q

EMG

A

electromyogram

123
Q

ICP

A

intracranial pressure

124
Q

LOC

A

level of consciousness

125
Q

LP

A

lumbar puncture

126
Q

MRA

A

magnetic resonance angiography

127
Q

MS

A

multiple sclerosis

128
Q

OCD

A

obsessive compulsive disorder

129
Q

PET

A

positron emission tomography

130
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system

131
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

132
Q

CVA cerebrovascular accident

A

an accident involving the blood vessels of the brain

Medical Term (3 decks)

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