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chivon's NASM > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

The nervous system is composed of which two parts

A

CNS & PNS

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2
Q

CNS is comprised of what?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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3
Q

PNS is comprised of what?

A

only nerves and connects brain and spinal cord (CNS) to the rest of the body

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4
Q

Made up of three primary systems. The skeletal system (bones and joints), the muscular system (ligaments, tendons, muscles, and fascia) and the nervous system (peripheral and central nerves).

A

the kinetic chain (human movement system)

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5
Q

communication network within the human body

A

nervous system

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6
Q

Sensory function

A

senses changes in internal and external environment

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7
Q

Integrative function

A

analyze and interpret sensory information and make proper decisions

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8
Q

Motor function

A

Neuromuscular response to sensory information

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9
Q

secreted by the pancreas; regulate blood glucose for use by all bodily cells for energy production.

A

insulin and glucagon

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10
Q

testosterone and estrogen

A

sex hormones.

testosterone= muscle growth

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11
Q

growth hormone

A

secreted by the pituitary gland, responsible for stimulating growth during puberty.

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12
Q

cortisol

A

hormone released in times of stress and stimulates tissue breakdown for ready source of energy

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13
Q

neuron

A

function unit of the nervous system

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14
Q

Sensory (afferent) neurons

A

nerve cell that conducts impulses to CNS from sense organ. “Arrives”

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15
Q

Interneurons

A

sends nerve impulses between one another

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16
Q

Motor (efferent) neurons

A

sends nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles or glands

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17
Q

Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues

A

Mechanoreceptors

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18
Q

Mechanoreceptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change.

A

Muscle spindles

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19
Q

Mechanoreceptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change.

A

Golgi tendon organs

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20
Q

Mechanoreceptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint.

A

Joint receptors

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21
Q

skeletal system

A

body’s framework. composed of bones and joints

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22
Q

bones

A

structures that provide resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs

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23
Q

joints

A

junctions of bones and connective tissues; where muscles cause movement to occur

24
Q

portion of skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

A

Axial skeleton

25
Q

portion of skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities

A

Appendicular skeleton

26
Q

remodeling

A

the process of resorption and formation of bone

27
Q

osteoclasts

A

type of bone cell that removes bone tissue (resportion)

28
Q

osteoblasts

A

type of cell that is responsible for bone formation (build)

29
Q

epiphysis

A

the end of long bones. houses much of the red marrow involved in red blood cell production; one of the primary sites for bone growth

30
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft portion of a long bone

31
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

the region of long bone connecting the diaphysis to the epiphysis where growth in the length of the diaphysis occurs; the growth plate

32
Q

A dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps all bone except the articulating surfaces in joints

A

periosteum

33
Q

medullar cavity

A

central cavity of bone shafts where marrow is stored

34
Q

articular (hyaline) cartilage

A

cartilage that covers the articular surface of bones

35
Q

depressions

A

flattened or indented portions of bone which can be muscle attachment sites

36
Q

processes

A

Projections protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach.

37
Q

a series of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal cord

A

vertebral column

38
Q

arthrokinematics

A

joint motion

39
Q

synovial joints

A

Joints held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associated with movement; produce synovial fluid to lubricate joints

40
Q

Joints that do not have a joint cavity, capsule, connective tissue, or cartilage.

A

non-synovial joints

41
Q

ligaments

A

Fibrous tissue that connects bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limitation of improper joint movement

42
Q

A layer of connective tissue that is underneath the fascia and surrounds the muscle

A

epimysium

43
Q

perimysium

A

the connective tissues that surrounds fascicles

44
Q

endomysium

A

deepest later of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers

45
Q

tendons

A

Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force.

46
Q

sarcomere

A

The functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin (thin) and myosin (thick) filaments

47
Q

neural activation

A

the contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation

48
Q

motor unit

A

a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it connects to

49
Q

neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messengers that cross the neuromuscular junction (synapse) to transmit electrical impulses from the nerve to the muscle.

50
Q

stabilizers

A

support joints during movements

51
Q

antagonist

A

opposition to the agonists on opposite sides of joint. opposite to prime mover

52
Q

synergist

A

help the primer movers. works with them.

53
Q

agonist

A

prime mover for a movement. provides main source of force.

54
Q

4 roles a muscle can play

A

agonist, synergist, antagonist, stabilizer

55
Q

skeletal muscle (type I)

A

slow-twitch.

more resistant to fatigue for endurance

56
Q

skeletal muscle (type II)

A

fast-twitch.

contract fast to generate more power.

chivon's NASM (4 decks)

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