Exercise metabolism and bioenergetics

Question 1

What is the chief source of energy for all body functions and muscular exertion

Answer 1

carbohydrates

Question 2

Law stating weight reduction can only take place when there is more energy being burned than is being consumed

Answer 2

law of thermodynamics

Question 3

Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body

Answer 3

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 4

Primary end product after the digestion of carbohydrates

Answer 4

glucose

Question 5

glycogen

Answer 5

the storage form of carbohydrates in muscle tissue and the liver

Question 6

If unused, carbohydrates are stored in bodily fat cells and converted to what?

Answer 6

fat

Question 7

Process during a negative energy balance that uses amino acids in energy production

Answer 7

gluconeogenesis

Question 8

Process by which a phosphate molecule is added to ADP to make ATP

Answer 8

phosphorylation

Question 9

By which 3 pathways can cells generate ATP?

Answer 9

ATP-PC,
glycolysis,
oxidative

Question 10

Simplest and fastest pathway to ATP using a phosphocreatine molecule, primarily used during high-intensity, short-duration activity such as power lifting

Answer 10

ATP-PC system

Question 11

aerobic

Answer 11

processes of energy that require the use of oxygen

Question 12

The anaerobic chemical breakdown of glucose for energy

Answer 12

glycolysis

Question 13

What is the most efficient, but slowest and most complex pathway to energy where ATP is created in the presence of oxygen?

Answer 13

What is the most efficient, but slowest and most complex pathway to energy where ATP is created in the presence of oxygen?Oxidative phosphorylation (aerobic glycolysis + Krebs cycle + electron transport chain)

Question 14

In which process is pyruvic acid converted into acetyl CoA in the presence of oxygen?

Answer 14

Aerobic glycolysis

Question 15

In which process is acetyl CoA is broken down producing 2 ATP, CO2, and hydrogen as byproducts?

Answer 15

Krebs cycle

Question 16

During which process do hydrogen ions from the Krebs cycle combine with other ions for the phosphorylation of ADP, creating 1 additional ATP?

Answer 16

Electron transport chain

Question 17

Conversion of free fatty acids to acetyl CoA for use in the Krebs cycle

Answer 17

beta-oxidation

Question 18

what are 2 factors that determine energy use during exercise?

Answer 18

intensity and duration

Question 19

Energy system used during the onset of activity and primarily maintained during the first 30 seconds of activit

Answer 19

ATP-PC

Question 20

Energy system without oxygen used primarily for the first 30 to 50 seconds of activity, dropping off around 3 minutes

Answer 20

Glycolysis

Question 21

Primary energy system for activities that last longer than several minutes

Answer 21

aerobic metabolism

Question 22

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Answer 22

The state where there is an elevation of the body’s metabolism after exercise

Question 23

What is the respiratory quotient (RQ) when only carbohydrates are used as a fuel source?

Answer 23

1

Question 24

What is the respiratory quotient (RQ) when only fats are used as fuel, only occurs during sleep?

Answer 24

0.7

Question 25

this is the study of how energy transforms within living systems

Answer 25

bioenergetics

Question 26

exercise metabolism

Answer 26

This is the total of all the bodily processes from the stress that exercise produces

Question 27

The substance that is acted on by an enzyme

Answer 27

substrates

Question 28

carbohydrates

Answer 28

An organic compound that is the primary supporting tissue for plants

Question 29

This is a sugar that can come in many different forms. It occurs primarily in tissues, fluids, and fruits.

Answer 29

glucose

Question 30

This is a type of organic compound that is insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and ether.

Answer 30

fats

Question 31

These are three fatty acids that connect to a glycerol. This makes up most of the fat storage in the human body.

Answer 31

triglycerides

Question 32

protein

Answer 32

Multiple linked amino acids (20+) in a linear sequence that form one or more polypeptide