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Principles Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the CNS?

A

The brain
spinal cord
central controller

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2
Q

What are the components of the peripheral nervous system?

A 
spinal nerves (connect with the spinal cord)
cranial nerves (connect with brain)
Autonomic nerves (parasympathetic, sympathetic & visceral afferents)
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3
Q

What is a collection of nerve cell bodies?

A

a ganglion in PNS

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4
Q

What relationship must bundles of nerve fibres, axons, wrapped in connective tissue have?

A

they must all be of the same modality
or
are mixed somatic motor, somatic sensory and sympathetic (5 of the cranial nerves are mixed)

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5
Q

What is the direction of the action within the motor (efferent) nerve?

A

towards the body wall or body cavity or organ

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6
Q

What is the direction of the action within the sensory (afferent) nerve?

A

Action potential towards brain

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7
Q

What is the outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres?

A

the cortex - it consists of gyri (hills) and sulci (grooves)

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8
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12 - there are no sympathetic axons in cranial nerves

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9
Q

What is the accronam for remembering the functions of the cranial nerves?

A

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More

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10
Q

What is the name of the CN I?

A

olfactory nerve

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11
Q

What is the name of the CN II?

A

optic nerve

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12
Q

What is the name of the CN III?

A

oculomotor nerve

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13
Q

What is the name of the CN IV?

A

trochlear nerve

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14
Q

What is the name of the CN V?

A

trigeminal nerve

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15
Q

What is the name of the CN VI?

A

abducent nerve

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16
Q

What is the name of the CN VII?

A

facial nerve

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17
Q

What is the name of the CN VIII?

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

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18
Q

What is the name of the CN IX?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

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19
Q

What is the name of the CN X?

A

vagus nerve

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20
Q

What is the name of the CN XI?

A

spinal accessory nerve

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21
Q

What is the name of the CN XII?

A

hypoglossal nerve

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22
Q

How do the cranial nerves get in and out of the brain?

A

through foraminae/ fissures - which are little holes in the base of the skull for the CNs to go through

23
Q

Where does the spinal cord pass through?

A

the foramen magnum

it is protected by the vertebral canal

24
Q

What are the 4 segments of the spinal cord?

A

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral/coccygeal

25
Q

What are the 2 enlargements of the spine?

A

the cervical and lumbosacral

26
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

inferiorly at L1/L2 intervertebral disc level

27
Q

What is the short hand for the vertebrae?

A 
C1 - C7 (7 Cervical)
T1 - T12 (Thoracic)
L1 - L5 (Lumbar)
S1 - S5 (Sacral)
Co (coccygeal)
28
Q

How many vertebrae are there?

A 
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
fused to form 1 sacrum
but still have sacral foraminae
4 coccygeal
fused to form 1 coccyx
29
Q

How are the spinal nerves named?

A
  • in the cervical region it is according to the vertebrae below it
  • the rest of the spinal nerves are names according to the vertebrae above it
30
Q

What do spinal nerves supply?

A

The body wall (soma), they are completely contained within the intervertebral foramina
each pair of spinal nerves supplies one ‘strip’ of the soma

31
Q

Where do the spinal nerves connect from the intervertebral foramina?

A
  • soma structures via rami

- spinal cord via roots and rootlets

32
Q

What do the posterior rami supply?

A

small posterior strip

33
Q

What do the anterior rami supply?

A
  • the remainder of the posterior part, the lateral and the anterior parts of the strips
  • all of the limbs
    via plexus
34
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

an area (strip) of skin supplied by both the anterior and posterior rami of a spinal nerve (except in limbs they have no posterior rami)

35
Q

What is the T4 dermatome?

A

At the nipple

36
Q

What is the T10 dermatome?

A

umbilicus

37
Q

Where is the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4 anterior rami supplies the posterior scalp, neck wall and the diaphragm

38
Q

Where is the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1 anterior rami supples the upper limb

39
Q

Where is the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-L4 anterior rami

Supplies lower limb

40
Q

Where is the sacral plexus?

A

L5-S4 anterior rami supplies the lower limb, gluteal region and perineum

41
Q

What does the somatic nervous system include?

A 
the soma (body wall)
external environment
42
Q

What structures are innervated by the somatic nervous system?

A 
skin
fascia
skeletal muscle
skeleton
internal lining of body cavities
43
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system include?

A

The visceral motor system

internal environment

44
Q

What structures are supplied by the ANS?

A

viscera
glands
smooth and cardiac muscle
external lining of organs

45
Q

Where is the ANS located?

A
  • internal organs in body cavities, chest pelvic and abdominal cavity
  • body wall organs sweat glands, smooth muscles and arterioles
46
Q

What receptors sense touch, temperature and pain respectively?

A

mechanoreceptors
thermoreceptors
nociceptors

47
Q

What is a spinal reflex?

A

When the impulse misses out pathway to the brain it is an involuntary protective response

48
Q

What are visceral afferent nerves?

A

They are the organs sensory nerves ANS

49
Q

Where do sympathetic nerves exit the spinal cord?

A

T1-L2
symapthetic nerves often hitch a ride with arteries to the all head neck organs and skin
- via splanchnic nerves to reach organs

50
Q

What is a lateral horn to the vertebral column?

A

it is for the cell bodies of the next sympathetic neurones in the chain

51
Q

How do the parasympathetic axons leave the CNS?

A

CN III, VII, IX & X & sacral spinal nerves

52
Q

What does the vagus nerve supply?

A

organs of the neck, chest and abdomen as far as the mid-gut

53
Q

How do the parasympathetic nerve travel to the hindgut, pelvis and perinum?

A

carried by the sacral spinal nerves

Principles Anatomy (3 decks)

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