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Principles: Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

List the main anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system (CNS):

  • brain
  • spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system (PNS):

  • Spinal nerves
  • Cranial nerves
  • Autonomic nerves
  • Everything that’s not CNS
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2
Q

List the different types of nerve function

A
  • Somatic sensory function
  • Somatic motor function
  • Special sensory function
  • Visceral afferent function
  • Sympathetic function
  • Parasympathetic function
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3
Q

Define a ganglion

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies

  • found in the PNS
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4
Q

Define a nerve

A

A bundle of axons (nerve fibres)

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5
Q

Describe a the axon (nerve fibre) of a neuron

A

Long projection of neuron

Carries action potentials

A single axon can only carry one type of signal

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6
Q

Describe peripheral nerves

A

Multiple bundles of axons wrapped in connective tissue

Travelling to/from the same thing

Bundles can branch off of main nerve

All bundles in a nerve can either contain nerves of the same modality, or they can be of mixed modality

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7
Q

Define an afferent nerve

A

Sends signals towards the brain

Is sensory

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8
Q

Define an efferent nerve

A

Sends signals away from the brain

Is motor

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9
Q

Define a gyrus

A

The raised parts of the outermost layer of the brain

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10
Q

Define a sulcus

A

The sunken (‘valley-like’) parts of the outermost layer of the brain

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11
Q

Name the 4 lobes of the cerebral hemispheres

A
  • Frontal lobes
  • Parietal lobes
  • Temporal lobes
  • Occipital lobes

The lobes are bilateral structues

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12
Q

Name the 12 cranial nerves

A 
I - Olfactory 
II- Optic 
III - Oculomotor 
IV - Trochlear 
V - Trigeminal 
VI - Abducens 
VII - Facial
VIII - Vestibulocochlear
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - Vagus
XI - Spinal accessory nerve
XII - Hypoglossal nerve
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13
Q

Name the 12 cranial nerves

A 
I - Olfactory 
II- Optic 
III - Oculomotor 
IV - Trochlear 
V - Trigeminal 
VI - Abducens 
VII - Facial
VIII - Vestibulocochlear
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - Vagus
XI - Spinal accessory nerve
XII - Hypoglossal nerve
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14
Q

Define a fossa

A

A depression, usually in a bone

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15
Q

List the 3 cranial fossa

A
  • Anterior cranial fossa
  • Middle cranial fossa
  • Posterior cranial fossa
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16
Q

List the cranial nerves that have their foramina in each cranial fossa

A

Anterior cranial fossa:
- CN I

Middle cranial fossa:
- CN II –> VI

Posterior cranial fossa:
- CN VII –> XII

17
Q

Define a foramen

A

A hole in a bone that allows for a nerve or vessel

18
Q

Name the foramina the each cranial nerve

A

Ethmoidal foramina - CN I

Optic canal - CN II

Superior orbital fissure - CN III, IV, V1, VI

Foramen rotundum - CN V2

Foramen ovale - CN V3

Internal acoustic meatus - CN VII & VIII

Jugular foramen - CN IX, X & XI

Hypoglossal canal - CNXII

19
Q

Match the cranial nerve to its modality

A 
I - Olfactory --> Special sensory
II- Optic --> Special sensory
III - Oculomotor --> Motor
IV - Trochlear --> Motor
V - Trigeminal --> Both
VI - Abducens --> Motor
VII - Facial --> Both
VIII - Vestibulocochlear --> Special sensory
IX - Glossopharyngeal --> Both
X - Vagus --> Both
XI - Spinal accessory nerve --> Motor
XII - Hypoglossal nerve --> Motor
20
Q

Name the foramen the spinal cord passes through

A

Foramen magnum

21
Q

Name the segments of the spinal cord

A
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Sacral/coccygeal
22
Q

Name the 2 enlargements of the spinal cord

A
  • Cervical enlargement (top)

- Lumbosacral enlargement (bottom)

23
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

24
Q

At what disc level does the spinal cord end inferiorly?

What is this end called?

A

L1/L2

Conus medullaris

25
Q

Describe the cauda equina

A

The nerve roots that extend below the end of the spinal cord (at L1/L2)

It contains all nerve roots below L2:

  • L3-5
  • S 1-5
  • coccygeal
26
Q

Name the nerve roots in each segment of the spine?

A

8 cervical - C1-C8

12 thoracic - T1-T12

5 lumbar - L1-L5

5 sacral - S1-S5

1 coccygeal - Co

27
Q

How many spinal vertebrae are there?

A

33

28
Q

Name the spinal vertebrae

A

cervical: C1-7
thoracic: T1-12
lumbar: L1-5
sacral: S1-5
coccygeal: 1-4

29
Q

Describe the sacral vertebrae

A

All 5 are fused together

30
Q

Describe the coccygeal vertebrae

A

All 4 are fused together

31
Q

Give the naming rules for spinal nerves

A

Spinal nerves are named according to the vertebrae above it

  • except the cervical nerves, where they are named for the vertebrae below it
32
Q

Continue from slide 17

A

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Principles: Anatomy (5 decks)

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