Intro to the reproductive system Flashcards
Name the male and female gametes
Male - spermatozoa
Female - oocyte or ovum
Give the name of the male and female gonads
Male - testes
Female - ovaries
Define what a zygote is
The cell resulting from the fertilisation of the oocyte by the spermatozoa
What is the pelvic floor made of?
What 2 regions does it separate?
The pelvic floor is made of skeletal muscle
It separates the pelvic cavity and the perineum
Describe the location of the perineum
It is inferior to the pelvic floor, and in-between the proximal parts of the lower limbs
Name the openings in the pelvic floor
The distal alimentary tract, reproductive tracts, and renal tracts
What is the pelvic roof formed by?
The parietal peritoneum
Where can the parietal peritoneum be found?
The lining of the abdominal cavity, and draped over the pelvic viscera
Describe the vesico-uterine pouch
It is an extension of the peritoneal cavity that separates the uterus and bladder
Give the location of the peritoneal cavity
It is superior to the pelvic floor
Describe the location of the recto-uterine pouch
It is the most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity in an upright female patient
Give the clinical significance of the rectouterine pouch
Any abnormal fluid drains into the rectouterine pouch
Describe how STIs can cause peritonitis
STIs can spread via the uterus and uterine tubes to the peritoneal cavity causing peritonitis
Name the 3 tracts of the surface of the female perineum
External urethral orifice (urinary tract)
Vaginal orifice (female genital tract)
Name the 3 tracts of the surface of the female perineum
External urethral orifice (urinary tract)
Vaginal orifice (female genital tract)
Anus (gastrointestinal tract)
Name the female reproductive organ
Ovaries
Name the accessory female reproductive organs
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Name and give the order of the 3 layers of the uterine wall
Endometrium - the innermost
Myometrium - the middle layer
Perimetrium - the outermost layer
Name the 4 regions of the uterine tubes
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum (funnel)
Fimbriae (fingers)
Describe the shapes of the 4 regions of the uterine tubes
Isthmus - thin part at the start
Ampulla - as it gets wider
Infundibulum - as it gets wider after the bend
Fimbriae - the finger-like ends of the tube
Does the uterine tube open to the peritoneal cavity?
Yes, after the infundibulum
Describe the progression of the oocyte during menstruation or fertilisation
1 - The oocyte matures into an ovum
2 - Each cycle 1 ovum is released from the ovary’s surface into the peritoneal cavity
3 - The ovum is gathered into the infundibulum by the fimbriae
4 - Moves along the uterine tube via cilia
5 - During menstruation an unfertilised ovum is expelled via the myometrium contracting
Into what does the ovary release the ovum
Peritoneal cavity
What move the ovum along the uterine tube?
Cilia
What makes an unfertilised ovum be expelled from the uterus?
The myometrium contracting
Where does fertilisation normally occur
Ampulla of the uterine tube
Where does implantation normally occur
The body of the uterus
What is an ectopic pregnancy
The fertilised ovum implants outwith the uterine cavity
State the clinical significance of the uterine tube opening into the peritoneal cavity
idk… find out and make card
State the 2 types of ectopic pregnancy
Tubal pregnancy - embryo embeds in the uterine tube
Non-tubal ectopic pregnancy - Not in the uterine tubes, can be in the ovaries, abdominal cavity
may be better to call ones in the abdominal cavity “abdominal pregnancies”
Give a clinical significance of an ectopic pregnancy
Can lead to a haemorrhage
Describe female sterilisation
Both uterine tubes are cut/cauterised. This blocks the lumen
Describe the orientation of the penis in the anatomical position
It is erect
Give the name for the foreskin
Prepuce
During their development where do the testis originate
The posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
Describe the movement of the testis from the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity to their position at birth
The move anteriorly
Then through the anterior abdominal wall via the inguinal canal
Into the scrotum before birth
In what part of the testis are sperm produced
Seminiferous tubules
At what temp must the testis be to produce spermatozoa?
How is this temperature regulated?
Must be about 1*C below core body temp
This is regulated by the dartos muscle
Describe the dartos muscle
A layer of smooth muscle surrounding the testis
Can contract/relax to regulate testis’ temperature
Describe the progression of the spermatozoa into the vas deferens
Semininiferous tubules into Rete testis into Head of the epididymis into Tail of the epididymis into Vas deferens
How long do spermatozoa take to mature?
64 days
How many sperm are produced every second?
1500 (on average)
What does the spermatic cord consist of?
Vas deferens
Testicular artery
Pampiniform plexus of veins
What causes testicular torsion?
The spermatic cord twists
What is the consequence of testicular torsion?
The blood supply is disrupted, causing a danger of testicular necrosis
Severe pain
Where is seminal fluid produced?
The seminal glands
left and right
The left vas deferens and left the seminal gland merge to form what?
The left ejaculatory duct
this is a bilateral structure
Where do the left and right ejaculatory ducts join with the urethra
Inside the prostate gland
Describe how the penis becomes erect
The penis contains 3 cylinders of erectile tissue
These fill with blood at arterial pressure during erection
What is the name for the posterior base of the penis?
The bulb of the penis
Name the head of the penis
The glans
Name the region of the penis where it joins to the body
The root of the penis
Name the male reproductive organs
Testes
Name the male accessory reproductive organs
Vas deferens
Seminal glands
Prostate gland
Penis
Describe the route taken by the spermatic cord
ascends through the anterior abdominal wall within the inguinal canal to reach the pelvic cavity
What are the components of semen?
Where are they produced
Seminal fluid - seminal glands
Spermatozoa - testes
Describe the placement of the prostate
Immediately inferior to the bladder
Name the opening of the urethra in the penis
The external urethral orifice
or
Urethral meatus
Name and describe surgical male sterilisation
Vasectomy
Both vas deferens are transected, and their lumens and sutured closed
