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Principles: Anatomy > Intro to the reproductive system > Flashcards

Intro to the reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

Name the male and female gametes

A

Male - spermatozoa

Female - oocyte or ovum

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2
Q

Give the name of the male and female gonads

A

Male - testes

Female - ovaries

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3
Q

Define what a zygote is

A

The cell resulting from the fertilisation of the oocyte by the spermatozoa

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4
Q

What is the pelvic floor made of?

What 2 regions does it separate?

A

The pelvic floor is made of skeletal muscle

It separates the pelvic cavity and the perineum

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5
Q

Describe the location of the perineum

A

It is inferior to the pelvic floor, and in-between the proximal parts of the lower limbs

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6
Q

Name the openings in the pelvic floor

A

The distal alimentary tract, reproductive tracts, and renal tracts

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7
Q

What is the pelvic roof formed by?

A

The parietal peritoneum

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8
Q

Where can the parietal peritoneum be found?

A

The lining of the abdominal cavity, and draped over the pelvic viscera

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9
Q

Describe the vesico-uterine pouch

A

It is an extension of the peritoneal cavity that separates the uterus and bladder

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10
Q

Give the location of the peritoneal cavity

A

It is superior to the pelvic floor

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11
Q

Describe the location of the recto-uterine pouch

A

It is the most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity in an upright female patient

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12
Q

Give the clinical significance of the rectouterine pouch

A

Any abnormal fluid drains into the rectouterine pouch

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13
Q

Describe how STIs can cause peritonitis

A

STIs can spread via the uterus and uterine tubes to the peritoneal cavity causing peritonitis

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14
Q

Name the 3 tracts of the surface of the female perineum

A

External urethral orifice (urinary tract)

Vaginal orifice (female genital tract)

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15
Q

Name the 3 tracts of the surface of the female perineum

A

External urethral orifice (urinary tract)

Vaginal orifice (female genital tract)

Anus (gastrointestinal tract)

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16
Q

Name the female reproductive organ

A

Ovaries

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17
Q

Name the accessory female reproductive organs

A

Uterine tubes

Uterus

Vagina

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18
Q

Name and give the order of the 3 layers of the uterine wall

A

Endometrium - the innermost

Myometrium - the middle layer

Perimetrium - the outermost layer

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19
Q

Name the 4 regions of the uterine tubes

A

Isthmus

Ampulla

Infundibulum (funnel)

Fimbriae (fingers)

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20
Q

Describe the shapes of the 4 regions of the uterine tubes

A

Isthmus - thin part at the start

Ampulla - as it gets wider

Infundibulum - as it gets wider after the bend

Fimbriae - the finger-like ends of the tube

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21
Q

Does the uterine tube open to the peritoneal cavity?

A

Yes, after the infundibulum

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22
Q

Describe the progression of the oocyte during menstruation or fertilisation

A

1 - The oocyte matures into an ovum

2 - Each cycle 1 ovum is released from the ovary’s surface into the peritoneal cavity

3 - The ovum is gathered into the infundibulum by the fimbriae

4 - Moves along the uterine tube via cilia

5 - During menstruation an unfertilised ovum is expelled via the myometrium contracting

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23
Q

Into what does the ovary release the ovum

A

Peritoneal cavity

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24
Q

What move the ovum along the uterine tube?

A

Cilia

25
Q

What makes an unfertilised ovum be expelled from the uterus?

A

The myometrium contracting

26
Q

Where does fertilisation normally occur

A

Ampulla of the uterine tube

27
Q

Where does implantation normally occur

A

The body of the uterus

28
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy

A

The fertilised ovum implants outwith the uterine cavity

29
Q

State the clinical significance of the uterine tube opening into the peritoneal cavity

A

idk… find out and make card

30
Q

State the 2 types of ectopic pregnancy

A

Tubal pregnancy - embryo embeds in the uterine tube

Non-tubal ectopic pregnancy - Not in the uterine tubes, can be in the ovaries, abdominal cavity

may be better to call ones in the abdominal cavity “abdominal pregnancies”

31
Q

Give a clinical significance of an ectopic pregnancy

A

Can lead to a haemorrhage

32
Q

Describe female sterilisation

A

Both uterine tubes are cut/cauterised. This blocks the lumen

33
Q

Describe the orientation of the penis in the anatomical position

A

It is erect

34
Q

Give the name for the foreskin

A

Prepuce

35
Q

During their development where do the testis originate

A

The posterior wall of the abdominal cavity

36
Q

Describe the movement of the testis from the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity to their position at birth

A

The move anteriorly

Then through the anterior abdominal wall via the inguinal canal

Into the scrotum before birth

37
Q

In what part of the testis are sperm produced

A

Seminiferous tubules

38
Q

At what temp must the testis be to produce spermatozoa?

How is this temperature regulated?

A

Must be about 1*C below core body temp

This is regulated by the dartos muscle

39
Q

Describe the dartos muscle

A

A layer of smooth muscle surrounding the testis

Can contract/relax to regulate testis’ temperature

40
Q

Describe the progression of the spermatozoa into the vas deferens

A 
Semininiferous tubules
into
Rete testis
into
Head of the epididymis
into
Tail of the epididymis
into
Vas deferens
41
Q

How long do spermatozoa take to mature?

A

64 days

42
Q

How many sperm are produced every second?

A

1500 (on average)

43
Q

What does the spermatic cord consist of?

A

Vas deferens

Testicular artery

Pampiniform plexus of veins

44
Q

What causes testicular torsion?

A

The spermatic cord twists

45
Q

What is the consequence of testicular torsion?

A

The blood supply is disrupted, causing a danger of testicular necrosis

Severe pain

46
Q

Where is seminal fluid produced?

A

The seminal glands

left and right

47
Q

The left vas deferens and left the seminal gland merge to form what?

A

The left ejaculatory duct

this is a bilateral structure

48
Q

Where do the left and right ejaculatory ducts join with the urethra

A

Inside the prostate gland

49
Q

Describe how the penis becomes erect

A

The penis contains 3 cylinders of erectile tissue

These fill with blood at arterial pressure during erection

50
Q

What is the name for the posterior base of the penis?

A

The bulb of the penis

51
Q

Name the head of the penis

A

The glans

52
Q

Name the region of the penis where it joins to the body

A

The root of the penis

53
Q

Name the male reproductive organs

A

Testes

54
Q

Name the male accessory reproductive organs

A

Vas deferens

Seminal glands

Prostate gland

Penis

55
Q

Describe the route taken by the spermatic cord

A

ascends through the anterior abdominal wall within the inguinal canal to reach the pelvic cavity

56
Q

What are the components of semen?

Where are they produced

A

Seminal fluid - seminal glands

Spermatozoa - testes

57
Q

Describe the placement of the prostate

A

Immediately inferior to the bladder

58
Q

Name the opening of the urethra in the penis

A

The external urethral orifice
or
Urethral meatus

59
Q

Name and describe surgical male sterilisation

A

Vasectomy

Both vas deferens are transected, and their lumens and sutured closed

Principles: Anatomy (5 decks)

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