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Human Tissue Types > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of nervous tissue?

A

Initiates and transmits nerve impulses to coordinate physiological function

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2
Q

What is the direction of the afferent peripheral system ?

A

Information from periphery to CNS to sensory nerves

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3
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

skeletal muscle

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4
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

smooth muscle-gut, blood vessels, bladder

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5
Q

What is the direction of the efferent nervous system?

A

Information from CNS to periphery

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6
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system divide into?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

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7
Q

Name some parasympathetic activities?

A
  1. Constricts pupil
  2. Inhibits heart
  3. Stimulates digestive activity
  4. Contracts bladder
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8
Q

Name some sympathetic activities?

A
  1. Dilates pupil
  2. Acclerate heart
  3. Inhibits digestive activity
  4. Relaxes bladder
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9
Q

Name the cerebral hemispheres

A

Occipital
Temporal
Parietal
Frontal

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10
Q

What are the parts of the brainstem from top to bottom?

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Midbrain
  3. Pons
  4. Medulla
  5. Spinal cord
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11
Q

What separates the motor and sensory areas?

A

Central sulcus

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12
Q

What generates the signals that control the execution of movement?

A

Precentral gyrus

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13
Q

What receives sensory info for touch, pressure, pain and temp?

A

postcentral gyrus

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14
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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15
Q

What are the functions the neuron?

A
  1. detection- receives info
  2. Integration- process info
  3. propagation- responds to info
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16
Q

What are the 3 neuron shapes?

A
  1. Multipolar
  2. Bipolar
  3. Pseudo-unipolar
17
Q

Give examples of multipolar neurons

A

Motor neurons & interneurons

18
Q

Give examples of bipolar neurons

A

Specialised sensory nerves

19
Q

Give examples of pseudo-unipolar neurons

A

sensory nerves

20
Q

What are the 2 types of synapses?

A

electrical and chem

21
Q

What value is the resting membrane potential?

A

-70mV

22
Q

What is the function of dendrites?

A

receive stimuli and spread of potential

23
Q

What is the function of the axon hillock?

A

Trigger action potential

24
Q

What is the function of the axon?

A

Spread of action potential and local current flow

25
Q

What is the function of the synapse?

A

Sends signal to another neuron and to efferent organ

26
Q

Explain how synapses work?

A
  1. Axon potential reaches axon terminal of presynaptic neuron
  2. Ca2+ enters synaptic knob
  3. Neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis into synaptic cleft
  4. Neurotransmitter binds to receptors that are an integral part of chemically gated channels on subsynaptic membrane of postsynaptic neuron
  5. Binding of neurotransmitter to receptor channel opens that specific channel
27
Q

Name common neurotransmitters

A 
Glutamate
y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Acetylcholine
dopamine
adrenaline
28
Q

Name excitatory neurotransmitters

A

Glutamate

29
Q

Name inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

GABA

30
Q

What happens in an excitatroy synapse?

A

Net movement of positive ions into cell

31
Q

What happens in an inhibitory synapse?

A

Net movement of positive ions out of cell

32
Q

What is depolarisation?

A

Decrease in potential (membrane less neg)

33
Q

What is repolarisation?

A

Return to resting potential after depolarisation

34
Q

What is hyperpolarisation?

A

Increase in potential (membrane more neg)

35
Q

How do voltage gated channels bring about action potential?

A
  1. All voltage gated channels closed (RP)
  2. @ threshold, Na+ activation opens and P Na+ rises
  3. Na+ enters cell causing explosive depolarisation to +30mV which generates rising phase of AP
  4. @ peak of AP, Na+ inactivation gate closes and P Na+ falls ending net movement of Na+ into cell. @ same time K+ activation gate opens and P K+ rises
  5. K+ leaves cell causing its repolarisation to RP which generates falling phase of AP
  6. On return to RP, Na+ activation gate closes and inactivation gate opens, resetting channel to respond to another depolarising triggering event
  7. Further outward movement of K+through still open K+ channel briefly hyperpolarise membrane, which generates after hyperpolarisation
  8. K+ activation gate closes and membrane returns to RP

Human Tissue Types (10 decks)

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