Cartilage

Question 1

What is the function of joints?

Answer 1

permit movement

Question 2

What is the function of tendons?

Answer 2

Join muscle to bone

Question 3

What is the function of ligaments?

Answer 3

Join bone to bone for stability

Question 4

What is cartilage made up of?

Answer 4

bands of collangenous tissue

Question 5

What is the function of cartilage?

Answer 5

Provides smooth surface (good for joints)
structural support
Allows flexibility
Resists compression
Allows elasticity

Question 6

What does cartilage get its semi-rigidity from?

Answer 6

proteoglycans (GAGs)

Question 7

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 7

Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage

Question 8

What does hyaline cartilage have?

Answer 8

few fibres

more ground substance

Question 9

What does fibrocartilage have?

Answer 9

Abundant collagen fibres

Question 10

What does elastic cartilage have?

Answer 10

contains elastin fibres

Question 11

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 11

Nose
Ribs
Articular surface
Trachea

Question 12

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 12

Pubic symphysis

Intervertebral discs

Question 13

How is cartilage formed?

Answer 13

1. Differentiation of mesemchymal cells to chondroblasts
2. Chondroblasts aggregate and produce ground substance
3. Followed by mitotic division
4. Mature in chondrocytes
5. Acquire perichondrium

Question 14

What is perichondrium?

Answer 14

Dense, irregular connective tissue surrounding mature cartilage

Question 15

What contributes to regeneration of cartilage?

Answer 15

Appositional and interstitial growth

Question 16

Name osteochondral defects

Answer 16

osteoarthritis

Question 17

What is the function of bone?

Answer 17

Provides protective framework

Question 18

What do chondrocytes do?

Answer 18

synthesise and maintain GAGs and collagen

Question 19

Where is elastic cartilage found?

Answer 19

Auricle
Epiglottis
Pharygotympanic tube

Question 20

How does cauliflower ear occur?

Answer 20

Damage to perichondrium which contains blood and lymph vessels which causes hematoma.

Question 21

What happens in a cartilage transplant?

Answer 21

Meniscal cartilage replaced by donor tissue

Question 22

Name a new approach to treat osteoarthritis and how it’s done

Answer 22

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI)

1. harvest chondrocytes from area of healthy cartilage
2. Culture in lab for 6-8 weeks
3. Cells implanted on membrane of in a scaffold

Question 23

How do bones grow?

Answer 23

Epiphyseal growth: within growth plate, cartilage proliferates resulting in progressive elongation of bone.

Question 24

Name the steps that occur in epiphyseal growth plate

Answer 24

1. reserve hyaline cartilage
2. proliferation
3. maturation
4. hypertrophy and calcification
5. degeneration
6. osteogenic

Question 25

Discuss articular cartilage @ synovial joints

Answer 25

1. Articulating bone surface covered in articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage)- smooth surface, low friction, shock absorber
2. Fibrous joint capsule and ligaments- prevent excessive movement
3. synoviocytes

Question 26

What makes up the molecular structure of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 26

interaction of proteoglycans aggregating to type II collagen fibrils and chondrocytes.