Nervous System

Question 1

Difference between nuerons and nueroglia?

Answer 1

neuroglia can divide

Question 2

Botulism cause by ?

Answer 2

Clostridium botulinum

produces endospores, prevent release of Ach of NMJ

Question 3

Tetanus

Answer 3

Clostridium tetani

blocks release of inhibitory transmitters–opistonus

Question 4

Sensory fibers vs motor fibers

Answer 4

sensory is PNS to CNS vice versa

Question 5

PNS is divided into?

Answer 5

somatic, autonomic, enteric

Question 6

Somatic sesnsory vs motor

Answer 6

sensory goes to special sense organs vs. innervates skeletal muscles that are VOLUNTARY

Question 7

Visceral sensory vs motor fibers

Answer 7

Sensory- from muscle, ligament, joints and visceral sense organs that detect O2 and CO2

Visceral-innervates smooth muscle, cardiac, glands and adipose tissue
exciting/ inhibiting

Question 8

Neurons in ENS function how?

Answer 8

independently of ANS and CNS

under ANS in text

Question 9

Enteric sensory fibers

Answer 9

senses chemical changes in GI tract

Question 10

Enteric motor fibers

secrete what?

Answer 10

responsible for contraction of smooth muscle in stomach

Secretion of glands in the organs HCL, Pepsin, Gastric, Lipase, as well as the activity of the GI tract endocrine cells calle enteroendocrine cells. Ie. Gastrin, CCK

Question 11

Pigment unique to Nuerons

Answer 11

lipofuscin- represent residues of undigested lysosomal material

Question 12

Lipofuscin relationship with age

membrane bound vesicles

Answer 12

lipofuscin deposition decreases with age

inclusion bodies

Question 13

Nissl Bodies

Answer 13

exclusive to neurons, dense area of rough ER and free ribosomes, give neural tissue its gray color. Gray is not myelinated when are from the nissel bodies. White is from myelin. White on outside of spinal cord to give the message out and opposite from brain to keep the messages inside. Purpose of nissl bodies are to make neurotransmitters like Ach.

Question 14

Neurofibrils form what?

Answer 14

consists of neurofilaments, and nuerotubules and neurofibrils. Neurofibrils is a abundle of neurofilaments that provide support for dendrites in the axon.

Question 15

Cell body of a neuron

Answer 15

perikaryon

Question 16

What are Gemmules?

Answer 16

which serve to increase surface area to receive as many as 100,000 separate axon surfaces.

Question 17

Spiny Dendrites

Answer 17

are those without gemmules are found in pyramidal neurons in cerebral cortex and cell bodies are shaped like a pyramid. Those are called aspinous- without spiny dendrites.

Question 18

Axon Hillock

Answer 18

pyramid shaped region, arises from soma, no nissl bodies and is critical to function of neuron because it is the site of that axons summation of graded potentials to threshold then leading to a AP. -70mv to -55mv aka trigger zone

Question 19

Initial Segment

Answer 19

beginning of axon btwn axon hillock and myelin sheath

Question 20

Axoplasmic Transport definition

Answer 20

materials between soma and synaptic feet powered by mitochondria and two proteins kinesin and dynein.

Question 21

Most common type of neuron? polar type

Answer 21

Multipolar

Question 22

90% of neurons in nervous system?

connection btwn ?

Answer 22

interuerons or internunical- located in brain, spinal cord, ganglia of ANS

connection btwn motor and sensory, receives info and coordinate into movement

maintians BBB

Question 23

Ligand gated are most common where?

Membrane distortion?

Answer 23

soma and dendrites