Nervous System Flashcards
Difference between nuerons and nueroglia?
neuroglia can divide
Botulism cause by ?
Clostridium botulinum
produces endospores, prevent release of Ach of NMJ
Tetanus
Clostridium tetani
blocks release of inhibitory transmitters–opistonus
Sensory fibers vs motor fibers
sensory is PNS to CNS vice versa
PNS is divided into?
somatic, autonomic, enteric
Somatic sesnsory vs motor
sensory goes to special sense organs vs. innervates skeletal muscles that are VOLUNTARY
Visceral sensory vs motor fibers
Sensory- from muscle, ligament, joints and visceral sense organs that detect O2 and CO2
Visceral-innervates smooth muscle, cardiac, glands and adipose tissue
exciting/ inhibiting
Neurons in ENS function how?
independently of ANS and CNS
under ANS in text
Enteric sensory fibers
senses chemical changes in GI tract
Enteric motor fibers
secrete what?
responsible for contraction of smooth muscle in stomach
Secretion of glands in the organs HCL, Pepsin, Gastric, Lipase, as well as the activity of the GI tract endocrine cells calle enteroendocrine cells. Ie. Gastrin, CCK
Pigment unique to Nuerons
lipofuscin- represent residues of undigested lysosomal material
Lipofuscin relationship with age
membrane bound vesicles
lipofuscin deposition decreases with age
inclusion bodies
Nissl Bodies
exclusive to neurons, dense area of rough ER and free ribosomes, give neural tissue its gray color. Gray is not myelinated when are from the nissel bodies. White is from myelin. White on outside of spinal cord to give the message out and opposite from brain to keep the messages inside. Purpose of nissl bodies are to make neurotransmitters like Ach.
Neurofibrils form what?
consists of neurofilaments, and nuerotubules and neurofibrils. Neurofibrils is a abundle of neurofilaments that provide support for dendrites in the axon.
Cell body of a neuron
perikaryon
What are Gemmules?
which serve to increase surface area to receive as many as 100,000 separate axon surfaces.
Spiny Dendrites
are those without gemmules are found in pyramidal neurons in cerebral cortex and cell bodies are shaped like a pyramid. Those are called aspinous- without spiny dendrites.
Axon Hillock
pyramid shaped region, arises from soma, no nissl bodies and is critical to function of neuron because it is the site of that axons summation of graded potentials to threshold then leading to a AP. -70mv to -55mv aka trigger zone
Initial Segment
beginning of axon btwn axon hillock and myelin sheath
Axoplasmic Transport definition
materials between soma and synaptic feet powered by mitochondria and two proteins kinesin and dynein.
Most common type of neuron? polar type
Multipolar
90% of neurons in nervous system?
connection btwn ?
interuerons or internunical- located in brain, spinal cord, ganglia of ANS
connection btwn motor and sensory, receives info and coordinate into movement
maintians BBB
Ligand gated are most common where?
Membrane distortion?
soma and dendrites
