Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio 103 > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal muscle attaches by what and characteristics of it

A

tendons and aponeuroses

striated and voluntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cardiac muscle epithelial characteristics

A

striated and involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Smooth muscle location and characteristics

A

hollow organs and non striated and involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Functions of muscle tissue (5)

A
  • body movement
  • body position
  • move substances within the body
  • generation of heat
  • moves nutrients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Properties of what tissue?

-electrical excitability

A

Skeletal tissue

ability to respond to certain stimuli by making AP’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Properties of what tissue?

Contractility

A

Skeletal

ability to shorten and thicken generating force to do work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Properties of what tissue?

Extensibility

A

Skeletal

stretch without damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Properties of what tissue?

elasticity

A

skeletal

able to return to normal shape after being stretched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which tissue is multi-nucleated?

A

Skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define Fascia

A

fibrous CT that covers each organ, muscle, bone, blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of Fascia

A

Superficial and Deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Superficial Fascia aka
contains what kind of fibers?
function

A

subcutaneous
yellow and white fibers
separates muscle from sin, lines body wall, stores fat, and protects muscle from trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Deep Fascia Function

A

covers, divides, and protects muscles with similar functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are trigger points located ?
latent vs active
Usually occurs where?

A

Deep Fascia
latent-hurts when touched
active-hurts all the time
Belly of the muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cardiac Vs Skeletal

A

Cardiac has own internal activation system (intrinsic) called pacemaker cells
Smooth is not attached to skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Calmaudin?

A

Smooth muscles troponin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which systems are actin based ?

Myosin Based?

A

Actin-Cardiac and Skeletal

Myosin-Smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What exists between the fascicles and their perimysium?

A

Areolar CT and adipose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What surrounds each muscle cell ?

What cells are here?

A

Endomysium

Myosatellite cells which repair damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Myotubes are formed by what

Whats produced here?

A

By mypblasts fusing together which are triangular cells

Actin and Myosin are produced in cytoplasm of myotubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is a myocyte/myofiber formed?

A

Myoblasts coming together by aligning with myotubes and myofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Outer covering of skeletal muscle cell is called?

A

Sarcolemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are t-tubules?

Function?

A

Invagination of sarcolemma

To transmit the AP from sarcolemma to inside of muscle cell which then contracts simultaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the Sarcoplasm?

Whats in it?

A

Muscle cell cytoplasm

Contains glycogen for energy production and hemoglobin for oxygen storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are myofibrils?
Thick and thin filament s and contain contractile elements
26
Where is the SR? | Stores what?
Surround each myofibril | Stores CA2+
27
Where EXACTLY is Ca2+ stored? Where is most of the Ca2+ at rest? Where is it released?
Terminal cisternae of the SR Cisternae Released into the sarcoplasm
28
Muscular atrophy vs hypertrophy
Atrophy- decrease in muscle mass | Hypertrophy-increase
29
Thick vs thin filament names
Think-Myosin | Thin-Actin
30
A band consists of what ?
primarily thick filaments-mysoin
31
I bands consist of what?
think filaments only- Actin
32
Z disc passes through where?
through I band (center)
33
Where is the H zone located?
Center of A band, region of non overlap & thick filaments only
34
What is mieromysin?
2 pairs of light chains and 2 pairs of heavy chains
35
Thick lines are anchored to Z line by what ? | Adjacent filaments?
Titin | two proteins, more called myomysin
36
Actin strands are made of?
2 strands of fibrous actin (F actin) which is made from 200 small globular units called G actin
37
Function of Tropomyosin
prevents interaction of actin and myosin
38
Troponin Function
Binds G actin to tropomyin
39
How is Actin bound to Z discs?
Nebulin
40
What are regulatory proteins and what are their functions?
Troponin and tropomyosin | Keep thick and them in proper alignment and give myofibril elasticity
41
Function of myomesin?
anchors actin to adjacent filaments on M line
42
What gets smaller during the sliding filament theory?
H and I | Z bands are moved closer together
43
What is a allosteric change?
Calcium binding to troponin causing it to change shape
44
What is a rigor complex? | How is it broken?
Head pulling the attached actin to and z lie toward the sarcomere Broken by ATP connecting to myosin head
45
What is a triad?
2 terminal cisternae and 1 t-tubule
46
Duration of contraction depends on what?
Amount of ATP available Duration of stimulus Free Ca 2+ in sarcoplasm
47
Where does he NMJ occur? | Neurotransmitter found here?
Somatic motor neuron & skeletal muscle fiber | Ach
48
Where are neurotransmitters stored?
Synaptic vesicles
49
Sources for ATP production in muscle cells (3)
Creatine phosphate, anaerobic & aerobic
50
Where is most of ATP energy stored?
Phosphate bond of Creatine Phosphate
51
C-P is unique to what kind of tissue? | Can also be obtained from?
Muscle Milk,meat & fish Excess ATP from relaxed muscles synthesis of liver and kidney
52
C-P and Ach amount of time for muscle contraction
15 second max- short distance bursts of energy
53
Anaerobic Cellular Respiration Starts where and completes where? Max muscle activity time
starts in cytoplasm which is anaerobic and ends in mitochondria which is aerobic 30-40 seconds exergonic
54
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
ATP production in mitochondria-complete oxidation of glucose (cellular respiration), fatty acids & amino acids exergonic
55
Mitochondrial ATP is dependent on what?
Availability of O2 delivered to blood by muscle cells depends on rate they can use it at
56
Aerobic respiration accounts for how much of ATP needed for muscular endurance?
90% for endurance lasting over 10 minutes
57
Muscle Fatigue (6) contributors
``` Depletion of C-P Build up of lactic acid Insufficient O2 or glycogen Decline of Ca2+ in sarcoplasm Insufficent release of Ach at NMJ ```
58
Muscle fatigue definiton
More pyruvic acid used than produced by mitochondria
59
Oxygen Debt caused by
Prolonged strenuous activity , considerable ATP production by mechanisms that don't require oxygen
60
What happens to the excess ATP in Oxygen debt?
Decreases the accumulation of lactic acid by converting it back to pyruvic acid
61
Definition of Oxygen Debt
amount of oxygen the mitochondria would have used in order to produce that same amount of extra ATP
62
At rest what are mitochondria doing?
Producing ATP and using O2 , so in muscles they are producing more ATP than needed.
63
Tension depends on what?
depends on number of muscle fibers are contracting in unison
64
Muscle tone
Increasing metabolic energy even at rest
65
Twitch contraction
response of all fibers in a motor unit to a single stimulus or AP
66
3 phases of twitch response
Latent-instant stimulation , SR is releasing the stored Ca2+ Contraction-start on contraction, until forming rigor complexes Relaxation-max contraction to max relaxation
67
Refractory Period
time where muscle will not respond to a second stimulus
68
If a stimulus is applied to a muscle after the refractory period
Will respond to a second stimulus by having a second AP
69
Second stimulus but has relaxed
Contracted state will be prolonged-tetanus
70
Wave Summation
Second stimulus before contraction muscle has completely relaxed, so contraction is prolonged If greater than 50 - summation of twitches
71
Incomplete (Unfused) Tetanus
sustained muscle contraction in response to multiple stimuli 20-30 sec. permits partial relaxation between stimuli
72
Complete (fused) Tetanus
sustained contraction in response to multiple stimuli 80-100 sec that doesn't allow partial relaxation between stimulus
73
Recruitment(multiple motor unit summation)
increasing number of active motor units - delays fatigue so contraction can be sustained - produces smooth muscular contraction and not jerky movements
74
Muscle Tone
state of maintained partial contraction , essential for things like maintain posture
75
Isotonic Contractions
tension does not change and muscles shorten and lengthen to move a weight.
76
Isometric Contractions
muscles do not shorten or lengthen and no movement occurs, however, tension increases; maintains body posture and supports objects in a fixed position.
77
What isn't in the sarcoplasm?
myofibrils
78
Thin & intermediate filaments are attached to ?
Dense bodies, help transmit from cell to cell
79
Why is duration of contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle longer?
Longer than skeletal because of slower movement of Ca2_ ions
80
The sliding of thick and thin filaments generates tension on?
intermediate filaments which attach to dense bodies of sarcolemma and corkscrew
81
How is smooth muscle tone attained?
prolonged presence of calcium ions in cytosol: state of cont partial contraction.Calmodulin helps with corkscrew
82
Neuromuscular diseases are from? | Myopathy?
- somatic motor neurons - neuromuscular junction - muscle fibers disease in disorder of skeletal muscle tissue
83
Myasthenia gravis
autoimmune disorder | muscular weakness and antibodies directed against Ach receptor
84
Duchenne Muscular dystrophies form of ?
muscular dystrophies inherited degeneration of individual muscle fibers

Bio 103 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions