Nervous System

Question 1

Name the two main nervous tissue cells

Answer 1

Neuroganglia and neurons

Question 2

FUNCTION of nervous system

Answer 2

To control an integrate activities in the body as it reacts to conditions in its internal and external environments.

Question 3

Organization of nervous system

Answer 3

1. Central nervous system (CNS) (head and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) (everything else)
2. Somatic nervous system (SoNS)
3. Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Question 4

SoNS

Answer 4

Signals to/from skeletal muscle-tendon-skin. Crosses between CNS and PNS. Skeletal muscle, voluntary movements (mostly)

Question 5

ANS

Answer 5

Signals to/from viscera (muscle/glands in heart, lungs, gut, other) Crosses between CNS and PNS. Gland, smooth-cardiac muscles (involuntary movements). Breaks down further into Sympathetic, Parasympathetic, and Enteric

Question 6

CNS

Answer 6

Processes sensory input, initiates responses, thought-emotion-memory

Question 7

Spinal cord

Answer 7

Connections of brain and periphery, controls reflexes

Question 8

Enteric Nervous System (ENS)

Answer 8

GI nervous system (regulated by ANS (autonomous)

Question 9

ANS Divisions

Answer 9

1. Sympathetic (fight or flight)
2. Parasympathetic (Rest and digest. Dine and recline)
3. Enteric (GI Functions)

Question 10

Neurons

Answer 10

Conductive. Contains cell body and processes. Dendrites and axon. Different types of them

Question 11

Neuroganglia

Answer 11

Supportive. 5x more numerous than neurons. Different types of this

Question 12

Describe pathway of prenatal origins of nervous cells

Answer 12

1. Ectoderm
2. Neuroectoderm
3. Splits into neural tube neuroepithelium and migrator neural crest
4. The neural tube neuroepithelium becomes neurons and neuroganglia of CNS while the migratory neural crest becomes neurons and neuroganglia of PNS

Question 13

Neural tube forms:

Answer 13

CNS and its cells

Question 14

Neural crest forms

Answer 14

PNS and its cells

Question 15

Types of neuroganglia

Answer 15

1. For CNS: oligodendrocytes, astrocytesm ependymal, microglia
2. PNS: schwann cells and satellite cells.
   NOTE: Connective tissue and Schwann cells allow for potential axon repair after injury in the PNS

Question 16

Name the 4 neuron types

Answer 16

1. General somatic sensory/afferent (pseudounipolar)
2. Autonomic visceral sensory/afferent (pseudounipolar)
3. General somatic motor/efferent (multipolar)
4. Autonomic visceral motor/efferent (multipolar)

Question 17

Pathway of signal and drug used

Answer 17

Somatic motor neuron CNS: Uses Ach to contact PNS, which triggers effectors
Sympathetic (presynaptoic /preganglionic autonomic motor neuron uses Ach to contact postganglionic/postsynaptic autonomic motor neuron. On the post end, it used adrenergic drugs to relay message
Parasympathetic is the same as sympathetic, but both pre and post use Ach. Both Sympathetic and parasympathetic trigger cardiac muscl, smooth muscle, and glands

Question 18

Synapse

Answer 18

Where neurotransmitters are released from neurons and bind receptors on membranes of neurons/effectors

Question 19

Gray matter

Answer 19

Neuron cell bodies

Question 20

White matter

Answer 20

Myelinated axons

Question 21

Neuron cell body clusters

Answer 21

Nuclei (gray matter) or ganglia (PNS). Same thing.

Question 22

Axon bundles

Answer 22

Tracts in CNS (white matter) or nerves in PNS (myelinated-unmyelinated)