Introduction and Terminology

Question 1

There are 3 fibers of the trapezious. Name and describe them.

Answer 1

1. Inferior fibers: Directed superiorly and laterally (from the top and towards the outside left and right edges, both of the back.)
2. Transverse fibers go across from left to right, or vice versa, in a flat manner at the top of the back, just below the neck
3. Superior fibers directed infero laterally (from the top edge fo the back towards the center of the neck, still on the back)

Question 2

Eponym

Answer 2

Name or procedure that has zero anatomical reference

Question 3

Macroscopic/gross anatomy

Answer 3

Covers regional, systemic, clinical/applied, surface, skeletal, imaging

Question 4

Thorax

Answer 4

Chest

Question 5

Anterior

Answer 5

Front

Question 6

Posterior

Answer 6

Back

Question 7

Upper limb

Answer 7

Arms

Question 8

Lower limb

Answer 8

Legs

Question 9

Regional anatomy

Answer 9

Head-neck, Trunk (thorax, back, abdomen, pelvis/perineum), extremities (upper and lower limbs)

Question 10

Cephalic

Answer 10

Head. Includes cranial (skull) and facial (face), and occipital (base of skull)

Question 11

Cervical

Answer 11

Neck.

Question 12

Trunk

Answer 12

Chest and gut and pelvic area. Includes Thoracic (chest), abdominal, pelvic

Question 13

Systemic anatomy covered

Answer 13

Skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory

Question 14

Median nerve lesions

Answer 14

Nerves running in middle of upper limb

Question 15

Supine position

Answer 15

Laying on your back

Question 16

Prone position

Answer 16

Laying on your stomach

Question 17

Describe the anatomical position

Answer 17

1. Reference point; Standing supine (front facing) position
2. The person is standing erect, facing observer. They are head level, eyes looking forward. Feet are together directed forward, and upper limbs are also at their sides with the palms turned forward.

Question 18

Describe the 3 cardinal anatomical planes.

Answer 18

1. 2 vertical planes.
   A. Sagittal splits face and body in half from the front facing forward.)
   B. Coronal/frontal splits the head and body in half from the SIDE (through the ear)
2. 1 horizontal plane.
   A. Transverse/.horixzontal plane splits body in half at the gut region

Question 19

Describe 3 different kinds of cuts

Answer 19

1. Longitudinal cut. Cut made sagittally or coronally.
2. Transverse/cross sectional cut made medially (think of the cut at the belly. It’s just like this only anywhere on the body.)
3. Obliquely. Essentially, a cousin of the transverse cut. Just made at an angle instead of as a flat cut..

Question 20

Describe the 3 axis of rotation

Answer 20

1. z-axis: passes from front to back (sagittal axis). If person were to rotate about this axis, the person would do a cartwheel.
2. x axis: Passes from side to side. Essentially, it goes through both hands (medial-lateral/frontal axis). If person were to rotate about this axis, the person would be doing front/back flips.
3. Y axis: Passes from top to bottom (longitudinal axis). If person were to rotate about this axis, they would be spinning in place.

Question 21

Where to rotations take place?

Answer 21

All axis of rotations run through joints.

X axis moves through sagittal plane, z axis moves through frontal plane, and y axis moves through transverse plane

Question 22

When you pick an axis:

Answer 22

Ask yourself, “When you rotation, what axis are you staying within during your rotation?”

Question 23

Flexion

Answer 23

Bending that decreases angle. Sagittal plane. X axis.

Question 24

Extension

Answer 24

Bending that increases angle. Sagittal plane. X axis

Question 25

Adduction

Answer 25

Movement towards midline. Coronal/frontal plane. Z axis.

Question 26

Abduction

Answer 26

Movement away from midline. Coronal/frontal plane. Z axis.

Question 27

Medial rotation

Answer 27

Turn anterior surface medially (think of hands twisting towards stomach). Transverse/horizontal plane. Y axis.

Question 28

Lateral rotation

Answer 28

Turn anterior surface laterally (think of hands twisting away from stomach). Transverse/horizontal plane. Y axis.

Question 29

Describe the movements of the thumb

Answer 29

Movements of the thumb are described so that the thumbnail is at right angles to the other fingernails. 1. Flexion is the movement of the thumb across the palm, as in hand gesture for “4". 2. Extension is the movement of the thumb away from the palm. 3. Abduction is the movement of the thumb in the anteroposterior plane away from the palm. 4. Adduction is movement of the thumb in the anteroposterior plane toward the palm. 5. Opposition is the movement of the thumb towards other fingers for grasping. 6. Reposition returns the thumb to the anatomical position.

Question 30

Anterior/ventral

Answer 30

Close to front

Question 31

Medial

Answer 31

Closer to midline

Question 32

Lateral

Answer 32

Farther from midline

Question 33

Proximal

Answer 33

Closer to origin

Question 34

Distal

Answer 34

Farther from origin

Question 35

Bilateral

Answer 35

Both sides

Question 36

Unilateral

Answer 36

One side

Question 37

Superior/cephalad/rostral/cranial

Answer 37

Towards to the head

Question 38

Posterial/dorsal

Answer 38

Closer to back

Question 39

Deep

Answer 39

Farther from surface

Question 40

Inferior/caudal

Answer 40

Towards to the feet

Question 41

Skin layers in order from most superficial to most inferior

Answer 41

1. Skin 2. Subcutaneous tissue/superficial fascia/hypodermis 3. Muscle with deep fascia covering

Question 42

Phleb

Answer 42

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