Nervous System Flashcards
Types of Supporting Cells
Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Obligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Star-shaped
Nearly half of all neural tissue
Brace and anchor neurons to their supply line, blood capillaries; form living barrier between capillaries and neuron
Help control chemical environment in brain
Microglia
Spider-like phagocytes that dispose of debris, including dead brain cells and bacteria
Ependymal
Line central cavities of brain and spinal cord.
Ependymal cilia helps circulate CSF, forming protective cushioning around CNS
Obligodendrocytes
Myelin sheath wrappings around nerve fibers in CNS
Types of motor/efferent divisions
Somatic
Autonomic
Types of autonomic divisions
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
Myelin Sheath
Made up of obligodendrocytes in CNS
Called Schwann Cells in PNS
Protect and insulate nerve fibers
Multipolar neuron
Several processes extending from cell body
Most common
Bipolar neuron
Two processes - an axon and a dendrite
Unipolar neuron
Single process extending from cell body
Very short, and divides almost immediately into proximal (central) and distal (peripheral).
Two neuron functional properties
Irritability
Conductivity
Nerve impulse steps
- Resting Potential
- Local Depolarization
- Depolarization and generation of Action Potential
- Porpagation of the action potential
- Repolarization
- Hyperpolarization
- Return to resting state
Reflex arc steps
- Sensory receptor
- Sensory/afferent pathway
- Integration center (interneuron/synapse in ventral horn gray matter)
- Motor/efferent pathway
- Effector
Cerebrum parts
Sucli Gyri Cerebral Cortex/Gray Matter White Matter (inside) Lobes Hemispheres
Diencephalon/Interbrain parts
Thalamus Hypothalamus - Pituitary gland Epithalamus - Pineal Body - Choroid Process
Brain Stem parts
Midbrain - Cerebral penduncles Pons Medulla Oblongata Reticular Formation
Cerebellum parts
Arbor Vitae
Cerebellar Cortex
Hemispheres