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BIO160 > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Master controlling and communicating system of the body

A

Nervous System

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2
Q

Nervous system does not work alone to regulate and maintain body homeostasis, what is the 2nd important regulating system

A

Endocrine system

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3
Q

3 functions of NS

A
  • Sensory input
  • Integration
  • Motor output
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4
Q

Structural classifications include

A

all nervous system, which includes CNS and PNS

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5
Q

CNS consists of

A

brain and spinal cord

Dorsal cavity

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6
Q

Function of CNS

A

Act as the integrating and command centers of the NS

Interpret incoming sensory information

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7
Q

PNS

A

part of the NS outside the CNS

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8
Q

PNS consists mainly of

A

nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord

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9
Q

Carry impulses to and from the spinal cord

A

Spinal nerves

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10
Q

Carry impulses to and from the brain

A

Cranial nerves

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11
Q

Cranial nerves act as

A

communication lines

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12
Q

Functional classification is concerned only with

A

PNS structures

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13
Q

2 subdivisions of PNS

A

Sensory (afferent)

Motor (efferent)

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14
Q

Function of sensory division

A

Convey impulses to the CNS from sensory receptors located in various parts of the body.

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15
Q

Afferent

A

to go forward

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16
Q

Sensory fibers delivering impulses from the skin, skeletal muscles and joints are called

A

somatic sensory fibers

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17
Q

Meaning of “soma”

A

body

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18
Q

Those transmitting impulses from the visceral organs are called

A

visceral sensory fibers or visceral afferents

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19
Q

Keeps the CNS constantly informed of events going on both inside and outside of the body

A

Sensory division

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20
Q

Function of Motor or efferent division

A

carries impulses from the CNS to effector organs, the muscles and glands

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21
Q

“effect”

A

bring about

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22
Q

What activate muscle and glands

A

impulses from the CNS

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23
Q

2 subdivisions of motor division

A

Somatic

autonomic

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24
Q

Define Somatic NS

A

Allows us to voluntarily control our skeletal muscles

25
Q

Define Autonomic NS

A

Regulates events that are automatic or involuntary such as activities of smooth and cardiac muscles and glands.

26
Q

2 parts of Autonomic NS (ANS)

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

27
Q

Supporting cells in the CNS are lumped together as

A

neuroglia (nerve glue) and glial cells

28
Q

Functions of neuroglia

A

Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal
Oligodendrocytes

29
Q

Star shaped cells that account for nearly half of the neural tissue

A

Astrocytes

30
Q

Astrocytes form a barrier between

A

Capilleries and neurons

31
Q

Functions of astrocytes

A

Help protect the neurons from harmful substances that might be in the blood

Help control the chemical environment in the brain by “mopping up” leaked potassium ions and recapturing released neurotransmitters

32
Q

Spiderlike phagocytes that monitor the health of nearby neurons

A

Microglia

33
Q

Dispose of debris including dead brain cells and bacteria

A

Microglia

34
Q

glial cells that line the central cavities of the brain and the spinal cord

A

Ependymal cells

35
Q

What forms a protective cushion around the CNS?

A

The beating of Ependial cells helps to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid that fills those cavities and forms a protective cushion around the CNS

36
Q

Glia that wrap their fat extensions (processes) tightly around the nerve fibers

A

Oligodendrocytes

37
Q

Difference between neurons and glia

A

Glia cannot transmit nerve impulses and Neurons cannot divide

38
Q

Most brain tumors are

A

gliomas or tumors formed by glial cells (neuroglia)

39
Q

Supporting cells in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

Satellite cells

40
Q

Schwann cells form

A

the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers that are found around PNS

41
Q

Satellite cells act

A

as protective, cushioning cells

42
Q

Which glial cell produce the insulating material called myelin?

A

Oligodendrocytes

43
Q

Why is the brain tumor more likely to be formed from the glial cells than from neurons?

A

Because glia cells divide

44
Q

Neurons are also called

A

nerve cells

45
Q

Common features of neurons

A
  • All have cell body, which contains the nucleus and is the metabolic center of the cell
  • One more more slender processes extending from the cell body
46
Q

Metabolic center of the neuron

A

Cell body

47
Q

Abundant in cell body

A

Nissl bodies and neurofibrils

48
Q

Intermediate filaments that are particularly abundant in the cell body

A

neurofibrils

49
Q

The cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus contains the usual organelles expect it lacks

A

centrioles

50
Q

The longest process in humans reach from the

A

lumbar region of the spine to the great toe

51
Q

Each neuron has only 1 axon, which arises from a conelike region of the cell body called the

A

axion hillock

52
Q

An occasional axon gives off a

A

collateral branch

53
Q

Axon terminals contain 100s of tiny vesicles or membranes called

A

neurotransmitters

54
Q

Most of the Schwann cell cytoplasm ends up

A

just beneath the outermost part of its plasma membrane.

55
Q

External part of the Schwann cell is called the

A

neurilemma

56
Q

Myelinated fibers are also found in

A

CNS

57
Q

Myelin sheaths formed by Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells are similar

A

the CNS sheaths lack a neurilemma

58
Q

An ability that is lacking in CNS

A

fiber regeneration

BIO160 (3 decks)

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