Lab quiz 6 review

Question 1

Nervous tissue is made up of2 principle cell populations

Answer 1

Neurons and supporting cells

Question 2

Neurons and supporting cells are also called

Answer 2

neuroglia or glial cells

Question 3

CNS (central nervous system)

Answer 3

Central nervous system, bran and spinal cord

Question 4

The supporting cells act as a selective barrier between

Answer 4

the capillary blood supply and the neurons

Question 5

PNS

Answer 5

peripheral nervous system

Question 6

The most important supporting cells in the PNS, that is, in the neural structures outside the CNS, are

Answer 6

Schwann cells, which insulate nerve fibers.

Question 7

Neurons are specialized to

Answer 7

transmit messages (nerve impulses) from one part of the body to another.

Question 8

All neurons have a cell body from which

Answer 8

slender processes or fibers extend

Question 9

Neuron cell bodies are typically found in the CNS in clusters called

Answer 9

nuclei

Question 10

Sometimes neuron cell bodies reside in

Answer 10

ganglia (clusters of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS)

Question 11

What makes up the gray matter of the nervous system?

Answer 11

ganglia

Question 12

Neuron processes running through the CNS form

Answer 12

tracts of white matter

Question 13

In the PNS they form the

Answer 13

peripheral nerves

Question 14

Cytoplasm is riddled with

Answer 14

neurofibrils and Nissl bodies

Question 15

Explain neurofibrils

Answer 15

Cytoskeletal elements of the neuron, which have a ssupport and intracellular transport function

Question 16

Explain Nissl bodies

Answer 16

a elaborate rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

Neuron processes that conduct electrical currents toward the cell body is called

Answer 17

dendrites

Question 18

Neuron processes that carry impulses away from nerve cell body are called

Answer 18

axons

Question 19

Neurons have how many axons and dendrites?

Answer 19

1 axons and many dendrites, depending on the neuron type

Question 20

A neuron is excited by other neurons when

Answer 20

their axons release neurotransmitters close to its dendrites or cell body and an electrical current produced travels down its axon.

Question 21

Axon ends in many small structures called

Answer 21

axon terminals

Question 22

axon terminals store what?

Answer 22

neurotransmitter chemical in tiny vesicles

Question 23

Each axon terminal is seperated from the cell body or dendrites of the next neuron by a tiny gap called

Answer 23

Synaptic cleft

Question 24

special synapses in skeletal muscle are called

Answer 24

neuromuscular hunctions

Question 25

Most long nerve fibers are covered with fatty material called? Such fibers are referred to as

Answer 25

myelin | myelinated fibers

Question 26

Axons in the peripheral nervous system are myelinated by special supporting cells called

Answer 26

Schwann cells

Question 27

Schwann cells wrap themselves tightly around the axon in jelly-roll fashion so that when the process is completed a tight core of plasma membrane material called the

Answer 27

myelin sheath encompasses the axon

Question 28

The part of the Schwann cell external to the myelin cheath is called

Answer 28

neurilemma

Question 29

Myelin sheath is formed by many individual Schwann cells, it has gaps or indentations called

Answer 29

nodes of Ranvier

Question 30

Within the CNS, myelination is accomplished by glial cells called

Answer 30

Oligodendrocytes.

Question 31

What determines the structural class of a neuron?

Answer 31

The number of processes attached to the cell body

Question 32

Unipolar neurons (short process) divides into

Answer 32

Distal (peripheral) and proximal (central) processes, extends from the cell body

Question 33

What portion of the central process act as dendrites?

Answer 33

Distal portions

Question 34

Nearly all neurons that conduct impulses toward the CNS are

Answer 34

Unipolar

Question 35

Two processes of bipolar process

Answer 35

1 axon and 1 dendrite, attached to the cell body

Question 36

Function of bipolar neurons

Answer 36

Serve as sensory receptor cells in some special sense organ Rare neuron

Question 37

Processes from what cell body are all dendrites expect for a single axon?

Answer 37

Multipolar neurons

Question 38

Neurons carrying impulses from the sensory receptors in the internal organs or in the skin are called

Answer 38

Sensory or afferent

Question 39

The cell bodies are always found in a

Answer 39

Ganglion outside the CNS, these neurons are typically bipolar

Question 40

Neurons catting activating impulses from the CNS to viscera and/or body muscles glands are

Answer 40

Motor or efferent neurons

Question 41

What’s often multipolar?

Answer 41

Motor neurons

Question 42

The cell bodies of motor neurons are almost always located in

Answer 42

CNS

Question 43

3rd functional category of functional neuron is the

Answer 43

Interneurons or association neurons

Question 44

Where is interneurons situated?

Answer 44

Pathways that connect sensory and motor neurons

Question 45

Cell bodies of interneurons are always located within the

Answer 45

CNS and they are multipolar

Question 46

Within a nerve, each fiber is surrounded by a delicate connective tissue sheath called

Answer 46

Endoneurium

Question 47

Function of endoneurium

Answer 47

Insulated it from other neuron processes adjacent to it

Question 48

Groups of fibers are bound by a coarser connective tissue called the

Answer 48

Perineurium

Question 49

Perineurium form bundles of fibers called

Answer 49

Fascicles

Question 50

Like neurons, nerves are classified according

Answer 50

To the direction in which they transmit impulses

Question 51

Nerves carrying both sensory and motor fibers are called

Answer 51

Mixed nerves

Question 52

All spinal nerves are

Answer 52

Mixed nerves

Question 53

Nerves that carry only sensory processes and conduct impulses only toward the CNS are called

Answer 53

Sensory or afferent nerves

Question 54

The central roots of the spinal cord, which carry only motor fibers are

Answer 54

Motor or efferent nerves

Question 55

2 major physiological properties of neurons

Answer 55

- The ability to respond to stimuli and convert them into nerve impulses - The ability to transmit the impulse to other neurons, muscles or glands.

Question 56

Define resting membrane potential

Answer 56

In a resting neuron the outside surface of the membrane is slightly positively charged than the inside surface. This difference in electrical charge on the 2 sides of the membrane is called the resting membrane potential.

Question 57

A neuron in a resting membrane potential state is called

Answer 57

polarized

Question 58

In a resting neuron, the main intracellular cation is; extracellular?

Answer 58

potassium. | Sodium

Question 59

resting potential is maintained by a very active? What is its function?

Answer 59

sodium-potassium pump | It transports Sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell

Question 60

When depolarization reaches the point when local membrane polarity changes, it initiates an

Answer 60

action potential

Question 61

nerve impulse response

Answer 61

all or none

Question 62

Neuron can quickly respond again after

Answer 62

re-polarization has been completed