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BIO160 > Lab quiz 6 review > Flashcards

Lab quiz 6 review Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous tissue is made up of2 principle cell populations

A

Neurons and supporting cells

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2
Q

Neurons and supporting cells are also called

A

neuroglia or glial cells

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3
Q

CNS (central nervous system)

A

Central nervous system, bran and spinal cord

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4
Q

The supporting cells act as a selective barrier between

A

the capillary blood supply and the neurons

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5
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system

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6
Q

The most important supporting cells in the PNS, that is, in the neural structures outside the CNS, are

A

Schwann cells, which insulate nerve fibers.

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7
Q

Neurons are specialized to

A

transmit messages (nerve impulses) from one part of the body to another.

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8
Q

All neurons have a cell body from which

A

slender processes or fibers extend

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9
Q

Neuron cell bodies are typically found in the CNS in clusters called

A

nuclei

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10
Q

Sometimes neuron cell bodies reside in

A

ganglia (clusters of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS)

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11
Q

What makes up the gray matter of the nervous system?

A

ganglia

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12
Q

Neuron processes running through the CNS form

A

tracts of white matter

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13
Q

In the PNS they form the

A

peripheral nerves

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14
Q

Cytoplasm is riddled with

A

neurofibrils and Nissl bodies

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15
Q

Explain neurofibrils

A

Cytoskeletal elements of the neuron, which have a ssupport and intracellular transport function

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16
Q

Explain Nissl bodies

A

a elaborate rough endoplasmic reticulum

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17
Q

Neuron processes that conduct electrical currents toward the cell body is called

A

dendrites

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18
Q

Neuron processes that carry impulses away from nerve cell body are called

A

axons

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19
Q

Neurons have how many axons and dendrites?

A

1 axons and many dendrites, depending on the neuron type

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20
Q

A neuron is excited by other neurons when

A

their axons release neurotransmitters close to its dendrites or cell body and an electrical current produced travels down its axon.

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21
Q

Axon ends in many small structures called

A

axon terminals

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22
Q

axon terminals store what?

A

neurotransmitter chemical in tiny vesicles

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23
Q

Each axon terminal is seperated from the cell body or dendrites of the next neuron by a tiny gap called

A

Synaptic cleft

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24
Q

special synapses in skeletal muscle are called

A

neuromuscular hunctions

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25
Q

Most long nerve fibers are covered with fatty material called?
Such fibers are referred to as

A

myelin

myelinated fibers

26
Q

Axons in the peripheral nervous system are myelinated by special supporting cells called

A

Schwann cells

27
Q

Schwann cells wrap themselves tightly around the axon in jelly-roll fashion so that when the process is completed a tight core of plasma membrane material called the

A

myelin sheath encompasses the axon

28
Q

The part of the Schwann cell external to the myelin cheath is called

A

neurilemma

29
Q

Myelin sheath is formed by many individual Schwann cells, it has gaps or indentations called

A

nodes of Ranvier

30
Q

Within the CNS, myelination is accomplished by glial cells called

A

Oligodendrocytes.

31
Q

What determines the structural class of a neuron?

A

The number of processes attached to the cell body

32
Q

Unipolar neurons (short process) divides into

A

Distal (peripheral) and proximal (central) processes, extends from the cell body

33
Q

What portion of the central process act as dendrites?

A

Distal portions

34
Q

Nearly all neurons that conduct impulses toward the CNS are

A

Unipolar

35
Q

Two processes of bipolar process

A

1 axon and 1 dendrite, attached to the cell body

36
Q

Function of bipolar neurons

A

Serve as sensory receptor cells in some special sense organ

Rare neuron

37
Q

Processes from what cell body are all dendrites expect for a single axon?

A

Multipolar neurons

38
Q

Neurons carrying impulses from the sensory receptors in the internal organs or in the skin are called

A

Sensory or afferent

39
Q

The cell bodies are always found in a

A

Ganglion outside the CNS, these neurons are typically bipolar

40
Q

Neurons catting activating impulses from the CNS to viscera and/or body muscles glands are

A

Motor or efferent neurons

41
Q

What’s often multipolar?

A

Motor neurons

42
Q

The cell bodies of motor neurons are almost always located in

A

CNS

43
Q

3rd functional category of functional neuron is the

A

Interneurons or association neurons

44
Q

Where is interneurons situated?

A

Pathways that connect sensory and motor neurons

45
Q

Cell bodies of interneurons are always located within the

A

CNS and they are multipolar

46
Q

Within a nerve, each fiber is surrounded by a delicate connective tissue sheath called

A

Endoneurium

47
Q

Function of endoneurium

A

Insulated it from other neuron processes adjacent to it

48
Q

Groups of fibers are bound by a coarser connective tissue called the

A

Perineurium

49
Q

Perineurium form bundles of fibers called

A

Fascicles

50
Q

Like neurons, nerves are classified according

A

To the direction in which they transmit impulses

51
Q

Nerves carrying both sensory and motor fibers are called

A

Mixed nerves

52
Q

All spinal nerves are

A

Mixed nerves

53
Q

Nerves that carry only sensory processes and conduct impulses only toward the CNS are called

A

Sensory or afferent nerves

54
Q

The central roots of the spinal cord, which carry only motor fibers are

A

Motor or efferent nerves

55
Q

2 major physiological properties of neurons

A
  • The ability to respond to stimuli and convert them into nerve impulses
  • The ability to transmit the impulse to other neurons, muscles or glands.
56
Q

Define resting membrane potential

A

In a resting neuron the outside surface of the membrane is slightly positively charged than the inside surface. This difference in electrical charge on the 2 sides of the membrane is called the resting membrane potential.

57
Q

A neuron in a resting membrane potential state is called

A

polarized

58
Q

In a resting neuron, the main intracellular cation is; extracellular?

A

potassium.

Sodium

59
Q

resting potential is maintained by a very active? What is its function?

A

sodium-potassium pump

It transports Sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell

60
Q

When depolarization reaches the point when local membrane polarity changes, it initiates an

A

action potential

61
Q

nerve impulse response

A

all or none

62
Q

Neuron can quickly respond again after

A

re-polarization has been completed

BIO160 (3 decks)

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