nervous system 6

Question 1

what are nerve cells that communicate with muscle cells called

Answer 1

motorneurons

Question 2

what is a ‘motor unit’ ?

Answer 2

a single motorneurone plus all the muscle cells it controls , muscle cells will contract at the same time
can be different sizes ( small = fine control , large = more power / precision )

Question 3

skeletal muscle cells

Answer 3

connected to skeleton, voluntary conscious movement, has striatations (lines) and multi-nucleate

Question 4

what is the name of the gap between the motorneuron terminal button and the receptors on the muscle cell membrane

Answer 4

neuromuscular junction , similar to synapse

Question 5

what’s important about this section between the motorneuron terminal button and muscle cell membrane

Answer 5

part of the body that you can manipulate with drugs

Question 6

2 main categories of drug that can have an effect and examples

Answer 6

neuromuscular blockers ( curare ) and anticholinesterase drugs ( neostigmine )

Question 7

what does the nm type of drug do and what effects does it have on the body?

Answer 7

neuromuscular blocker- blocks the receptor from ACh, used as a muscle relaxant

Question 8

2 main categories of drug that can have an effect and examples

Answer 8

neuromuscular blockers ( curare ) NO muscle stimulation and anticholinesterase drugs CONSTANT muscle stimulation ( neostigmine ) and (nerve gases used in chemical warfare)

Question 9

what does the nm type of drug do and what effects does it have on the body?

Answer 9

neuromuscular blocker- blocks the receptor from ACh, used as a muscle relaxant, curare given prior to surgery / orthopedic treatments

Question 10

what does the ac type of drug do and what effects does it have on the body?

Answer 10

anticholinesterase drugs - prevents the deactivation of ACh and stops the enzyme (acetylcholinesterase), constant stimulation of the muscle, e.g. Neostigmine prescribed for Myasthenia Gravis (autoimmune disorder that attacks ACh receptor on the muscle cells = muscle weakness

Question 11

what are two branches of nervous system that can act on muscle tissue

Answer 11

somatic ( voluntary ) and autonomic (involunatry muscle control )

Question 12

which nervous system is direct?

Answer 12

the somatic nerve system, the pathway is one nerve cell long, releases ACh at the neuromuscular junction