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Medical Terminology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

affect

A

emotional state or mood

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2
Q

aura

A

subjective sensation that occurs prior to and signals the onset of a migraine headache or a seizure

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3
Q

bradykinesia

A

extreme slowness in movement

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4
Q

Brudzinski sign

A

Pt response in which neck flexion causes flexion of the hips when the pt is lying down in a supine position

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5
Q

central nervous system

A

nerve tissue that comprises the brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

cerebral concussion

A

brief loss of consciousness or brief episode of disorientation or confusion following a head injury

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7
Q

cerebral contussion

A

injury involving bruising of brain tissue

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8
Q

contrecoup

A

rapid acceleration-deceleration injury of the brain that bruises of the front and back of the brain

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9
Q

corpuscallosotomy

A

surgical procedure in which the central part of the brain is partially divided in two

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10
Q

embolic

A

caused by a moving mass in a blood vessel (embolus)

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11
Q

fasciculation

A

visible involuntary muscle twitching

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12
Q

fibrillation

A

spontaneous muscle contraction or quivering

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13
Q

homeostasis

A

state of equilibrium in the body

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14
Q

Kernig sign

A

reflexive hamstring contraction and pain when attempting to extend the leg after flexing the hip

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15
Q

motor nerves

A

nerves involved in movement

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16
Q

myelin

A

layer of phospholipids and protein that forms the myelin sheath of neurons and acts as electrical insulation

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17
Q

neuron

A

nerve cell

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18
Q

neurotransmitter

A

chemical that plays an important role in the nerve impulse transmission

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19
Q

nuchal rigidity

A

condition that involves pain ad stiffness of the neck and a resulting reluctance to flex the head forward

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20
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal sensation

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21
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

portion of the nervous system outside of the CNS that conveys sensory and motor impulses

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22
Q

sensory nerves

A

nerves that convey sensory information

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23
Q

spinal fusion

A

surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae

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24
Q

thrombotic

A

caused by a blood clot

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25
Q

transection

A

cutting

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26
Q

cerebr/o

encephal/o

A

brain

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27
Q

cerebrovascular

A

pertaining to the brain and vessels

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28
Q

encephalocele

A

herniation of the brain

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29
Q

gli/o

A

glue or gluelike

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30
Q

glioma

A

gluelike tumor

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31
Q

mening/o

A

meninges

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32
Q

meningitis

meningi/o

A

inflammation of the meninges

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33
Q

meningioma

A

tumor of the meninges

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34
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord; bone marrow

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35
Q

myelography

A

process of recording activity in the spinal cord or bone marrow

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36
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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37
Q

neurocytoma

A

tumor of the nerve cells

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38
Q

spin/o

A

spine

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39
Q

spinal

A

pertaining to the spine

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40
Q

a-

an-

A

without

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41
Q

aphasia

A

absence of speech

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42
Q

anesthesia

A

absence of sensation

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43
Q

dys-

A

pain or difficult

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44
Q

dysphagia

A

painful or difficult swallowing

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45
Q

hemi-

A

half

46
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis of half of the body

47
Q

micro

A

small

48
Q

microcephaly

A

small head

49
Q

poly-

A

many, much

50
Q

polyneuritis

A

inflammation of many nerves

51
Q

para-

A

beside or near; two

52
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of two legs

53
Q

quadri-

A

four

54
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of four legs

55
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

56
Q

-algia

A

pain

57
Q

neuralgia

A

nerve pain

58
Q

-cele

A

herniation

59
Q

meningomylocele

A

herniation of the meninges and spinal cord

60
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

61
Q

meningeal

A

pertaining to the meninges

62
Q

-esthesia

A

sensation

63
Q

hyperesthesia

A

increased sensation

64
Q

-logist

A

specialist in the study of

65
Q

neurologist

A

specialist in the study of nerves

66
Q

-logy

A

study of

67
Q

neurology

A

study of nerves

68
Q

-paresis

A

slight or partial paralysis

69
Q

hemiparesis

A

slight or partial paralysis of half of the body

70
Q

-pathy

A

disease

71
Q

neurpathy

A

disease of the nerves

72
Q

-phagia

A

swallowing

73
Q

-phasia

A

speech

74
Q

dysphasia

A

difficult speech

75
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

76
Q

blepharoplegia

A

paralysis of the eye or eyes

77
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping

78
Q

blepharoptosis

A

drooping of the eyelid

79
Q

-trophy

A

nourishment or growth

80
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

chronically progressive, degenerative neuromuscular disorder that destroys motor neurons of the body; also called Lou Gehrig disease

81
Q

Bell palsy

A

disorder of the seventh cranial nerve that causes temporary weakness or paralysis of one side of the face

82
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

syndrome that is characterized by pain or numbness of the median nerve in the hand and forearm and caused by nerve compression and inflammation due to cumulative trauma from repetitive motion

83
Q

encephalitis

A

disorder that involves inflammation of the brain

84
Q

encephalomeningitis

A

disorder that is a combination of encephalitis and meningitis

85
Q

epilepsy

A

chronic disorder of the brain marked by recurrent seizures, which are repetitive abnormal electrical discharges within the brain

86
Q

Huntington chorea

A

hereditary nervous disorder that leads to bizarre, involuntary movements and dementia

87
Q

meningitis

A

infection of the meninges, the spinal cord, and the cerebrospinal fluid, usually caused by an infectious illness

88
Q

migraine headache

A

familial disorder marked by episodes of throbbing, severe headache that is commonly unilateral and sometimes disabling

89
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

chronic autoimmune disease that affects the CNS causing inflammation and degeneration of the myelin sheath that protects the nerve fibers

90
Q

Parkinson disease

A

chronic, degenerative disease of the CNS that results in movement disorders and changes in cognition and mood

91
Q

peripheral neuropathy

A

dysfunction of nerves that transmit information to and from the CNS with resulting pain, altered sensation, and muscle weakness

92
Q

poliomyelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord caused by a virus, possibly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis

93
Q

sciatica

A

severe pain of the sciatic nerve that radiates from the buttocks to the feet

94
Q

shingles

A

unilateral, painful vesicles that appear on the upper body and are caused by the herpes zoster virus

95
Q

spinal stenosis

A

disorder that involves narrowing of an area of the spine that puts pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots

96
Q

stroke

A

sudden loss of neurological function due to vascular injury to the brain; also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and brain attack

97
Q

transient ischemic attack

A

temporary impairment of neurological functioning due to a brief interruption in blood supply to a part of the brain

98
Q

ALS

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

99
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

100
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

101
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

102
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident; also called stroke or brain attack

103
Q

EEG

A

eletroencephalography

104
Q

EMG

A

electromyogram

105
Q

ICP

A

intracranial pressure

106
Q

LP

A

lumbar punture

107
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

108
Q

MS

A

multiple sclerosis

109
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system

110
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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