Computer Midterm Flashcards
allergen
substance that produces a hypersensitivity reaction
atopic
type of allergic reaction for which there is a genetic predisposition
biopsy
procedure in which a representative sample of tissue is obtained for microscopic examination
Chemical peel
destruction of superficial layers of the skin using a chemical application in order to remove scars, tattoos, or abnormal pigmentation.
cryosurgery
surgery with cold probes to destroy cancerous tissues
dermabrasion
procedure in which outer layers of the skin are removed by abrasion with a wire brush or other device.
dermaplaning
procedure in which a dermatone is used to skim off surface layers of the skin to remove scars, tattoos, and fine wrinkles.
dermatome
band or region of the skin supplied by a single sensory nerve
diascopy
procedure in which a glass plate is held against the skin to observe changes related to pressure application
electrodesication
destructive drying of cells by applying electrical energy
erythema
redness of the skin
laser resurfacing
use of short pulses of light to treat some skin conditions
melanocyte
melanin - forming skin cell
microdermabrasion
gentle abrasion of the skin to reduce fine lines, age spots and acne scars and stimulate growth of new skin cells and collagen.
patch test
skin test of which a low concentration of a presumed allergen is applied to the skin beneath an occlusive dressing to see if a reaction occurs.
pruritus
feeling of itchiness
radioallergosorbent test
blood test for allergy that measures small quantities of immunoglobulin E in blood
scratch test
test in which a dilution of a potential allergen is placed in a lightly scratched area of the skin
adipoid
resembling fat
lipoma
tumor of fat
albinism
condition of (being) white
leukorrhea
white flow or discharge
cutaneous
pertaining to the skin
dermatologist
specialist in the study of skin
dermaplasty
surgical repair of the skin
cyanosis
abnormal condition of blue (color)
cytology
study of cells
erythematous
pertaining to red
erythrocyte
red (blood) cell
melanoma
tumor that is black in appearance
mycosis
abnormal condition of fungus
necrosis
abnormal condition of dead (tissue)
onychomalacia
softening of the nail
pilophobia
fear of hair
trichopathy
disease of the hair
sclerosis
abnormal condition of hardening
xeroderma
dry skin
xanthoderma
yellow skin
epidermis
above the dermis
subcutaneous
pertaining to beneath the skin
neoplasm
new growth
adipocyte
fat cell
cyanoderma
blue skin
abrasion
scraping away of the skin or mucus membrane
dysplasia
bad (abnormal) growth
acne
inflammatory disease of subcutaneous follicles common in adolescence that is marked by comedones, papules, and pustules
actinic keratosis
rough, precancerous macule or papule caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet light
albinism
genetic partial or total absence of pigment in the skin, hair,and eyes
alopecia
absence of hair loss, particularly on the head
basal cell carcinoma
most common type of skin cancer, which usually begins as a small, shiny papule and eventually enlarges to form a whitish border around a central depression or ulcer that may bleed.
carbuncle
skin abscess created by the merger of two or more furuncles (boils)
cellulitis
spreading bacterial infection of the skin an subcutaneous tissue
comedo
small skin lesions of acne vulgaris, commonly called blackhead or whitehead, depending on the color
corn
thickening of keratinized skin caused by pressure or friction
cyst
closed sack or pouch on or under the skin that contains fluid, solid, or semisolid material
ecchymosis
discoloration of the skin;
also called bruise or contusion
eczema
general term fro pruritic, red rash that weeps and may become crusted, thickened or scaly.
edema
when localized or generalized tissue contains excessive fluid
folliculitis
inflammation (and sometimes infection) of hair follicles
furuncle
skin abscess;
also called boil
hemangioma
a dull red, benign lesion present from birth or appearing within 2 or 3 months;
sometimes called strawberry nevus
herpes simplex virus type 1
HSV- 1
Virus that causes a lesion on the lips
herpes simplex virus type 2
HSV- 2
virus that commonly causes lesions on the genitals
herpes zoster
reactivation of the varicella virus, years after an initial infection with chickenpox, that is marked by a painful, vesicular rash along the associated dermatone;
also called shingles
impetigo
contagious bacterial infection of the skin caused by streptococci or staphylococci that is marked by yellow to red weeping lesions that crusted or pustular
laceration
cut or tear in the flesh
lentigo
flat brown spot on the skin related to sun exposure, more commonly in elderly individuals;
commonly called liver spots although they are
not caused by liver disease
malignant melanoma
cancerous tumor of darkly pigmented skin cells that spread aggressively and has a high mortality rate
nevus
hyperpigmented area of the skin, such as a mole or birthmark
pediculosis
infestation with lice
petechia
tiny red or purple hemorrhagic spot on the skin
postherpetic neuralgia
persistent nerve pain from herpes infection that last for months after lesions disappear
psoriasis
noncontagious chronic skin disorder in which red scaly plaques with sharply defined borders appear on the body’s surface
scabies
contagious infestation of the skin with the itch mite
seborrheic keratosis
benign, scaly skin growth that is yellow, gray, or brown and common in older adults
squamous cell carcinoma
form of skin cancer that develops in squamous tissue and grows more rapidly and spreads easily than basal carcinoma
tinea
fungal skin infection
verruca plantaris
wart that grows on the soles of the feet
verruca vulgaris
common wart
vitiligo
disorder that causes a patchy loss of skin pigmentation
Bx
biopsy
HSV- 1
herpes simplex virus type1
HSV - 2
Herpes simplex virus type 2
ID
intradermal (injection)
I&D
Incision and drainage
RAST
radioallergosorbent test
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
SubQ, subcu, or subq
subcutaneous
T
temperature
ung
ointment
affect
emotional state or mood
aura
subjective sensation that occurs prior to and signals the onset of a migraine headache or seizure
bradykinesia
extreme slowness in movement
brudzinski sign
patient response in which neck flexion causes flexion of the hips when the patient is lying in a supine position
central nervous system
nerve tissue that comprises of the brain and spinal cord
cerebral concussion
brief loss of consciousness or brief episode of disorientation or confusion following a head injury
cerebral contusion
injury involving bruising of brain tissue
contrecoup
rapid acceleration - deceleration injury of the brain that bruises the front and back of the brain
corpuscallosotomy
surgical procedure in which the central part of the brain is partially divided in two
embolic
caused by a moving mass in a blood vessel (embolus)
fasciculation
visible involuntary muscle twitching
fibrillation
spontaneous muscle contraction or quivering
homeostasis
state of equilibrium in the body
kernig sign
reflexive hamstring contraction and pain when attempting to extend the leg after flexing the hip
motor nerves
nerves involved in movement
myelin
layer of phospholipids and protein that forms the myelin sheath of neurons and acts as electrical insulation
neuron
nerve cell
neurotransmitter
chemical that plays an important role in nerve impulse transmission
nuchal rigidity
condition that involves pain an stiffness of the neck and a resulting reluctance to flex the head forward
parethesia
abnormal sensation
peripheral nervous system
portion of the nervous system outside the central nervous system that conveys sensory and motor impulses
sensory nerves
nerves that convey sensory information
spinal fusion
surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae
thrombotic
caused by a blood clot
transection
cutting
cerebrovascular
pertaining to the brain and vessels
encephalocele
herniation of the brain
glioma
gluelike tumor
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges
meningioma
tumor of the meninges
myelography
process of recording activity in the spinal cord or bone marrow
neurocytoma
tumor of nerve cells
pinal
pertaining to the spine
aphasia
absence of speech
anesthesia
absence of sensation
dysphagia
painful or difficulty swallowing
hemiplegia
paralysis of half (of the body)
microcephaly
small head
polyneuritis
inflammation of many nerves
paraplegia
paralysis of two (legs)
quadriplegia
paralysis of four (legs)
neuralgia
nerve pain
meningomyelocele
herniation of the meninges and spinal cord
spina bifida
meningeal
pertaining to the meninges
hyperesthesia
increased sensation
neurologist
specialist in the study of nerves
nervous system disorders
neurology
study of nerves
nervous system disorders
hemiparesis
slight or partial paralysis of half (of the body)
neuropathy
disease of the nerves
bleparoplegia
paralysis of the eye or eyes
blepharoptosis
drooping of the eyelid
atrophy
absence of growth
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
chronically progressive, degenerative neuromuscular disorder that destroys motor neurons of the body;
also called Lou Gehrig disease
bell palsy
disorder of the seventh cranial nerve that causes temporary weakness or paralysis of one side of the face
carpal tunnel syndrome
syndrome that is characterized by pain or numbness of the median nerve in the hand and forearm and caused by nerve compression and inflammation due to cumulative trauma from repetitive motion
encephalitis
disorder that involves inflammation of the brain
encephalomeningitis
disorder that is a combination of encephalitis and meningitis
epilepsy
chronic disorder of the brain marked by recurrent seizures, which are repetitive, abnormal electrical discharges within the brain
huntington chorea
hereditary nervous disorder that leads to bizzare, involuntary movements and dementia
meningitis
infection of the meninges, the spinal cord, and the cerebrospinal fluid, usually caused by an infectious illness
migraine headache
familial disorder marked by episodes of throbbing, severe headache that that is commonly unilateral and, sometimes, disabling
multiple sclerosis
chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, causing inflammation and degeneration of the myelin sheath that protects nerve fibers
parkinson disease
chronic, degenerative disease of the CNS that results in movement disorders and changes in cognition and mood
peripheral neuropathy
dysfunction of nerves that transmit information to and from the CNS with resulting pain, altered sensation,and muscle weakness
poliomyelitis
inflammation of the spinal cord caused by a virus, possibly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis
sciatica
severe pain of the sciatic nerve that radiates from the buttocks to the feet
shingles
unilateral, painful vesicles that appear on the upper body and are caused by the herpes zoster virus
spinal stenosis
disorder that involves of an area of the spine that puts pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots
stroke
sudden loss of neurological function due to vascular injury to the brain;
also called cerebrovascular accident CVA and brain attack
transient ischemic attack
temporary impairment of neurological functioning due to a brief interruption in blood supply to a part of the brain
ALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
AKA. Lou Gehrig Test
CNS
central nervous system
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
CT
computed tomography
CVA
cerebrovascular accident
AKA stroke or brain attack
EEG
electroencephalography
EMG
electromyogram
ICP
intracranial pressure
Lp
lumbar puncture
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
MS
multiple sclerosis
PNS
peripheral nervous system
TIA
transient ischemic attack
antitussive
medication that suppresses the cough reflex
aspiration
unintentional inhalation of a substance other than air.
bronchoscopy
examination of the bronchi through a socialized instrument called a bronchoscope
chest physiotherapy
type of therapy that includes percussion (clapping) over the thotax or vibration and positioning to facilitate loosening and removal of respiratory secretions
circumoral cyanosis
blue coloring around the mouth due to inadequate oxygenation
corticosteroids
medication that suppresses the immune response an decrease inflammation
crackles
abnormal crackly lung sound heard with a stethoscope
dyspnea
painful or difficult breathing
exhalation
act of breathing out, also called expiration
expectorant
medication that liquifies and loosens respiratory secretions to aid in expelling them
febrile
fever causing
hemoptysis
coughing up blood
hypoxia
deficient level of oxygen
hypoxic drive
backup system of respiration that stimulates breathing in a patient who is retaining carbon dioxide
incentive spirometer
handheld device used by the patient to inhale a maximal breath to keep lungs expanded and functional
inhalation
act of breathing in
also called inspiration
lobectomy
surgical removal of a lobe of a lung
lymphadenopathy
swollen, tender cervical lymph nodes
Mantoux test
test to identify tuberculosis exposure
metered dose inhaler
handheld device used to inhale medication into the lungs
nasal cannula
oxygen tubing designed to deliver oxygen into a patient’s nose
nebulizer
device that produces a fine spray or mist to deliver medication to the air passages and lungs
peak-flow meter
handheld device used to measure an individuals lung capacity
pH scale
scale used to measure acidity and alkalinity of a substance
pleural membrane
double membranes that covers the lungs and line the thoracic cavity
pulmonology
field of medicine that studies and treats respiratory disorders
pulmonologist
physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory disorders
pneumonectomy
surgical removal of an entire lung
pulmonary function test
measurement of air flow and lung volumes;
also called spirometry
purulent
consisting of or containing pus
rhonchi
coarse gurgling sound heard on auscultation that is caused by secretions in the air passages
wedge resection
surgical removal of a small part of the lung
wheeze
somewhat musical sound heard in the lungs, usually with a stethoscope, that is caused by partial airway obstruction
aerophagia
swallowing air
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchus
bronchiectasis
dilation or expansion of the bronchus
chrondroplasty
surgical repair of the cartilage
epiglottal
pertaining to the epiglottis
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
nasogastric
pertaining to the nose and stomach
rhinitis
inflammation of the nose (runny nose)
mucoid
resembling mucus
oral
pertaining to the mouth
stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
orthopnea
breathing in the straight (upright) position
anoxia
condition of no oxygen
pharyngeal
pertaining to the pharynx
pleurodynia
pain in the pleura
pneumonia
condition of the lung
pneumonectomy
surgical excision of the lung
pulmonary
pertaining to the lung
sinusoid
resembling a sinus
thoracentesis
surgical puncture of the thorax
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils
tracheotomy
surgical incision of the trachea
circumonal
pertaining to around the mouth
hypoxia
condition of low oxygen
intrathoracic
pertaining to with the thorax
paranasal
pertaining to beside or near the nose
peritonsillar
pertaining to beside or near the tonsils
postnasal
pertaining to the posterior portion of the nose
stomatalgia
mouth pain
pleurocentesis
surgical puncture of the pleura
chondrocyte
cartilage cell
pleurodeisis
binding of the pleura
laryngectomy
surgical removal of the larynx
bronchiole
small bronchus
rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose
laryngoplegia
paralyzed larynx
laryngocope
instrument used to view the larynx
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchi
acute respiratory distress syndrome
hypoxemia and respiratory failure due to severe inflammatory damage to the lungs after severe infection or trauma
allergic rhinitis
inflammation of the nasal membranes due to allergies
also called hay fever
asthma
disorder in which airways overreact to certain triggers with inflammation, resulting in narrowing, mucus production, and dyspnea;
also called reactive airway disease
atelectasis
partial collapse of lung tissues, such as alveoli and bronchioles
bronchitis
infection of the bronchial passages, usually by a virus but possibly by bacteria
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
group of chronic lung disorders that include emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma and creates obstructive changes in the bronchi and alveoli
also called chronic obstructive lung disease
croup
active viral disease, usually in children, marked by a barking, “seal like’ cough and respiratory distress
cystic fibrosis
fatal genetic disease that causes frequent respiratory infections, increased airway secretions, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in children
emphysema
common COPD that causes permanent, destructive changes to respiratory structures
empyema
collection of infected fluid (pus) in a body cavity, usually between the pleura
epistaxis
nosebleed
Epstein- Barr virus
infection caused by the epstein-barr virus (EBV), which is a member of the herpesvirus family
also called mononucleosis or glandular fever
glomerulonephritis
type of kidney infection
hemothorax
condition in which blood has collected between the pleural linings of the lungs
hypercapnia
chronic retention of carbon dioxide in the blood
influenza
group of viral respiratory illnesses marked by fever, headache, muscle aches, rhinitis, fatigue, sore throat, dry cough, and gastrointestinal symptoms
lung cancer
group of several different types of cancer, including small cell, non-small cell, squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, and large cell lung cancer
orthopnea
need to remain upright in order to breath effectively
pharyngitis
sore throat
pleural effusion
collection of fluid in the pleural space
pneumonia
viral or bacterial infection of the lungs
pneumothorax
condition in which air has collected between the pleural linings of the lungs
pulmonary tuberculosis
contagious lung infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis organism
sinusitis
inflammation of the lining of the sinus cavities
upper respiratory infection
acute inflammation of the mucus membranes of the nasal passages and throat caused by a virus
also called the common cold or coryza
severe acute respiratory syndrome
viral respiratory illness marked by head and body aches, fever, and cough that may be lead to severe pneumonia
stridor
medical emergency marked by a high pitched upper airway sound (heard without a stethoscope) that indicates airway obstruction
ABGs
arterial blood gases
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CO2
carbon dioxide
O2
oxygen
PND
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
RT
respiratory therapy
SARS
sudden acute respiratory syndrome
SOB
shortness of breath
stat
immediately
TB
tuberculosis
URI
upper respiratory infection
VC
vital capacity
anuria
absence of urine production
cystoscopy
visual examination of the bladder
dysuria
painful or difficult urination
filtrate
mixture of water, electrolytes, urea, and other small molecules first filtered in the glomerulus
frequency
need for frequent urination
hemodialysis
artificial means of removing urea, waste, toxins, and excess fluid from the blood
lithotripsy
treatment that uses shock or sound to crush stones in the kidneys or urinary tract
micturition reflex
bladder reflex that creates the urge to urinate
oliguria
deficiency of urine production
peritoneal dialysis
dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity is used as the dialyzing membrane
renal colic
pain that radiates from the flank into the abdomen or groin area
stent
device that holds tissue in place and maintains an opening
urgency
sudden, nearly uncontrollable need to urinate
urinalysis
laboratory analysis of urine
urine culture
growth and study of microorganisms isolated from a urine specimen
urinary catheterization
procedure that involves removal of a segment of the vas deferens to achieve male sterilization
bacteriuria
bacteria in the urine
balanitis
inflammation of the glans penis
