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Medical Terminology > Excretory > Flashcards

Excretory Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anuria

A

absence of urine production

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2
Q

cystoscopy

A

visual examination of the bladder

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3
Q

dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination

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4
Q

filtrate

A

mixture of water, electrolytes, urea, and other small molecules first filtered in the glomerulus

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5
Q

frequency

A

need for frequent urination

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6
Q

hemodialysis

A

artificial means of moving urea, wastes, toxins, and excess fluid from the blood

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7
Q

lithotripsy

A

Treatment that uses shock or sound waves to crush stones in the kidney or urinary tract

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8
Q

micturition reflex

A

bladder reflex that creates the urge to urinate

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9
Q

oliguria

A

deficiency of urine production

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10
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity is used as the dialyzing membrane

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11
Q

renal colic

A

pain that radiates from the flank into the abdomen or groin area

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12
Q

stent

A

device that hold tissues in place and maintains an opening

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13
Q

urgency

A

sudden, nearly uncontrollable need to urinate

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14
Q

urinalysis

A

laboratory analysis of urine

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15
Q

urine culture

A

growth and study of microorganism isolated from a urine specimen

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16
Q

vasectomy

A

procedure that involves removal of a segment of the vas deferens to achieve male sterilization

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17
Q

bactri/o

A

bacteria

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18
Q

bacteriuria

A

bacteria in the urine

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19
Q

balan/o

A

glans penis

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20
Q

balanitis

A

inflammation of the glans penis

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21
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder

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22
Q

cystoscopy

A

visual examination of the bladder

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23
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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24
Q

glomerulopathy

A

disease of the glomerulus

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25
Q

hemat/o

hem/o

A

blood

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26
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

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27
Q

hemolysis

A

destruction of the blood

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28
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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29
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

abnormal condition of kidney stones

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30
Q

nephr/o

ren/o

A

kidney

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31
Q

nephrologist

A

specialist in the study of the kidneys

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32
Q

renal

A

pertaining to the kidneys

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33
Q

noct/o

A

night

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34
Q

nocturia

A

urination at night

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35
Q

olig/o

A

deficient

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36
Q

orch/o
orchid/o
test/o

A

testes

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37
Q

orchopathy

A

diseases of the testes

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38
Q

orchiectomy

A

surgical removal of the testes

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39
Q

orchidopexy

A

surgical fixation of the testes

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40
Q

testomegaly

A

enlargement of the testes

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41
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

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42
Q

peritoneal

A

pertaining to the peritoneum

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43
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate

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44
Q

prostatoplasty

A

surgical repair of the prostate

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45
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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46
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

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47
Q

py/o

A

pus

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48
Q

pyuria

A

pus in the urine

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49
Q

spermat/o

sperm/o

A

sperm

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50
Q

spermatogenesis

A

production of sperm

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51
Q

aspermia

A

condition of no sperm

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52
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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53
Q

urethropexy

A

surgical fixation of the urethra

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54
Q

ur/o

urin/o

A

urine

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55
Q

urology

A

study of disorders of the urinary tract

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56
Q

urinometer

A

instrument for measuring urine

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57
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

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58
Q

vasotomy

A

incision into a vessel

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59
Q

an-

A

without,absence

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60
Q

anuria

A

absence of urine

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61
Q

anti-

A

against

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62
Q

antibacterial

A

pertaining to against bacteria

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63
Q

dys-

A

painful,difficult

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64
Q

poly-

A

many,much

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65
Q

dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination

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66
Q

polyuria

A

much urination

67
Q

oligospermia

A

condition of deficient sperm

68
Q

pre-

A

before

69
Q

prerenal

A

pertaining to before the kidneys

70
Q

trans-

A

across

71
Q

transurethral

A

pertaining to through or across the urethra

72
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

73
Q

urinary

A

pertaining to urine or the urinary tract

74
Q

-cele

A

herniation

75
Q

cystocele

A

herniation of the bladder

76
Q

-cidal

A

killing, destroying

77
Q

bacteriocidal

A

killing bacteria

78
Q

-cyte

A

cell

79
Q

spermatocyte

A

sperm cell

80
Q

-dynia

A

pain

81
Q

urodynia

A

painful urination

82
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal

83
Q

prostatectomy

A

surgical removal of the prostate

84
Q

-gram

A

record

85
Q

pyelogram

A

radiological record of the kidneys

86
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

87
Q

prostatomegaly

A

enlarged prostate

88
Q

-pathy

A

disease

89
Q

nephropathy

A

disease of the kidneys

90
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation

91
Q

cystopexy

A

surgical fixation of the bladder

92
Q

-spasm

A

spasm

93
Q

urethrospasm

A

contraction of the urethra

94
Q

-tic

A

pertaining to

95
Q

nephrotic

A

pertaining to the kindeys

96
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

97
Q

-uria

A

urine

98
Q

oliguria

A

deficiency of urine

99
Q

acute renal failure

A

sharp rise in the serum creatinine level of 25% or more that may lasts days or weeks or develop into chronic renal failure

100
Q

bacterial cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder due to bacterial infection; also called bladder infection

101
Q

balanoposthitis

A

inflammation of the glans penis beneath the foreskin

102
Q

benign prostatic hypertorphy

A

enlargement of the prostate gland caused by noncancerous cellular proliferation; also called benign prostatic hyperplesia

103
Q

chronic renal failure

A

progressive loss of the kidney’s effectiveness in excreting waste products and regulating fluid and electrolytes; also called chronic kidney disease

104
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

organism that causes many diseases, including genital infections in men and women

105
Q

cryptorchidism

A

condition in which the testicles fail to descend into the scrotum

106
Q

diuresis

A

abnormal secretion of large amounts of urine

107
Q

end-stage renal disease

A

termination of the kidneys’ ability to regulate fluid and electrolytes and wastes, ending in death unless transplantation occurs

108
Q

enurisis

A

involuntary urination during sleep, also called bed wetting

109
Q

epydidmitis

A

inflammation of the epididymis

110
Q

erectile dysfunction

A

inability of a man to attain an erection adequate enough to achieve a satisfying sexual experience; also called importance

111
Q

fecal incontenence

A

loss of control over bowel function

112
Q

glomerulonephristis

A

form of the nephritis in which the glomeruli are primarily affected

113
Q

glucosuria

A

glucose in the urine; also called glycosuria

114
Q

gonorrhea

A

sexually transmitted infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae

115
Q

herpes simplex virus type 2

A

virus that causes repeated eruptions of painful vesicles on the genital and other mucosal surfaces and on the skin

116
Q

human papilloma virus

A

genital wart virus that is specific to humans and is common viral sexually transmitted disease

117
Q

hydronephrosis

A

stretching of the renal pelvis as a result of obstruction to urinary outflow

118
Q

interstitial cystitis

A

chronic condition of inflammation of the bladder lining

119
Q

interstitial nephritis

A

pathologic changes in renal tissue that destroy nephrons and impair kidney functions

120
Q

nephritic syndrome

A

condition marked by increased glomerular permeability to proteins, resulting in massive proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypercoagulability

121
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

presence of kidney stones

122
Q

nephropahy

A

disease of the kidneys

123
Q

nocturia

A

excessive need to urinate at night after going to bed

124
Q

oliguria

A

deficiency of urine production with an output less than 400 ml/day

125
Q

orchitis

A

inlfammation of the testicles, usually caused by bacterial or viral infections; also called orchiditis

126
Q

overflow incontinence

A

ineffective emptying of the bladder cased by nerve damage or other disorders, leading to urine leakage

127
Q

phimosis

A

stenosis of the foreskin opening so that it cannot be retracted back over the glans penis

128
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

any of the several hereditary disorders in which systs form in the kidneys and other organs, eventually destroying kidney tissue and function

129
Q

prostatitis

A

inflammation of the prostate gland

130
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis, usually due to a bacterial infection that has ascended from the urinary bladder

131
Q

sexually transmitted disease

A

any disease that may be acquired as a result of sexual intercourse or other intimate contact with and infected individual; also called venereal disease

132
Q

spermatocele

A

type of cyst that develops when the tubes that transport sperm becomes blocked

133
Q

stress incontinence

A

involuntary urine leakage with physical stress, such as a cough or sneeze

134
Q

syphilis

A

multistage infection typically transmitted through sexual contact caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum

135
Q

total urinary incontinence

A

continuous and unpredictable loss of urine

136
Q

uremia

A

accumulation in the blood of metabolic by-products such as urea; also called azotemia

137
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

138
Q

urinary retention

A

retention of urine in the bladder due to an inability to urinate

139
Q

varicocele

A

A mass of varicose veins in the spermatic cord.

140
Q

wilms tumor

A

rapidly developing cancerous tumor of the kidney that usually occurs in children; also called nephroblastoma

141
Q

ARF

A

acute renal failure

142
Q

BPH

A

benign prostatic hypertrophy; also called benign prostatic hyperplasia

143
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

144
Q

CKD

A

chronic kidney disease; also called chronic renal failure

145
Q

CRF

A

chronic renal failure; also called chronic kidney disease

146
Q

DRE

A

digital rectal examination

147
Q

ED

A

erectile dysfunction

148
Q

ESRD

A

end-stage renal disease

149
Q

GFR

A

glomerular filtration rate

150
Q

HPV

A

human papillomavirus

151
Q

HSV

A

herpes simplex virus

152
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram

153
Q

KUB

A

kidney, ureter, bladder

154
Q

pH

A

parts hydrogen (acidity or alkalinity of a substance)

155
Q

PKD

A

polycystic kidney disease

156
Q

PSA

A

prostatic-specific antigen

157
Q

RP

A

retrograde pyelogram

158
Q

STD

A

sexually transmitted disease

159
Q

TSE

A

testicular self-examination

160
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate

161
Q

UA

A

urinanalysis

162
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

163
Q

urine catheterization

A

Procedure that involves insertion of a sterile drainage tube into the bladder to drain or withdraw urine

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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