Nervous System Flashcards
what is the falx cerebri?
dural fold between cerebral hemispheres
what is the tentorium cerebelli?
dural fold between cerebrum and cerebellum
what is the falx cerebelli?
dural fold between cerebrum and cerebellum
what is the dura mater?
outer most meninge of the brain
dense connective tissue for protection
double layered
associated with skul
what is the arachnoid mater?
meninge beneath dura mater
creates subarachnoid space
what is the pia mater?
meninge of brain that is closely associated with the brain
only layer to go into the sulci
what is the subarachnoid space?
space between arachnoid and pia mater filled with cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels
what is the collective name of the four colliculi of the mid brain?
corpora quadrigemina
which side of the central sulcus does what?
precentral gyrus - motor
postcentral gyrus - sensory
what is the final lengthening of the spinal cord? what is it made from?
filum terminale, made of pia mater
where does the spinal cord finish?
at the level of L1/L2
what is the bundle of nerves below the spinal cord?
cauda equina
where do motor fibres cross?
85% cross in the pyramids of the medulla oblongata and travel via the lateral corticospinal tract
15% cross in spinal cord at level of exit via the ventral corticospinal tract
What is the ventral ramus larger than the dorsal ramus?
the ventral ramus carries neurons for all parts of the body except the back, which is signalled via the dorsal ramus
what is the difference between the ventral and dorsal root?
ventral root carries signals out (motor)
dorsal root carries signals in (sensory)
what is the difference between the somatic and autonomic sides of the spinal cord?
In addition to what the somatic side has, the autonomic side has a sympathetic chain of sympathetic trunk ganglion running down either side of the spinal cord. Signals travel from trunk to target rather than from spinal cord to target as in the somatic side.
sympathetic vs parasympathetic neurons
Sympathetic - short preganglionic neuron and long postganglionic neuron
Parasympathetic - long preganglionic neuron and short postganglionic neuron
Three layers of nerve connective tissue
Endoneurium - around each axon
Perineurium - around axon bundle and blood vessels
Epineurium - around entire nerve
what is a dermatome?
the area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve
what is the function of the pons?
link the cerebellum with the midbrain, diencephalon, cerebrum and spinal cord
what is the function of the cerebellum?
monitor all proprioceptive, visual, tactile, balance and auditory sensations
what is the function of the medulla oblongata?
connect brain to spinal cord
responsible for complex automatic reflexes and control of visceral functions
what is brocha’s and wernicke’s area??
brocha - speech generation (motor => frontal lobe)
wernicke - speech comprehension (parietal lobe)
Compare the homunculi of motor and sensory area?
motor - lots of nerves for hands and face/lips (fine movements)
sensory - lots of nerves for feet, hands and face
What is cerebrospinal fluid?
150mL of clear fluid in sinuses of brain, supplies nutrients and removes waste products, also has a protective, shock absorption role
what does the choroid plexus do and where is it?
produce CSF (up to 500mL per day) found in each ventricle
