Nervous System

Question 1

what is the falx cerebri?

Answer 1

dural fold between cerebral hemispheres

Question 2

what is the tentorium cerebelli?

Answer 2

dural fold between cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 3

what is the falx cerebelli?

Answer 3

dural fold between cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 4

what is the dura mater?

Answer 4

outer most meninge of the brain
dense connective tissue for protection
double layered
associated with skul

Question 5

what is the arachnoid mater?

Answer 5

meninge beneath dura mater

creates subarachnoid space

Question 6

what is the pia mater?

Answer 6

meninge of brain that is closely associated with the brain

only layer to go into the sulci

Question 7

what is the subarachnoid space?

Answer 7

space between arachnoid and pia mater filled with cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels

Question 8

what is the collective name of the four colliculi of the mid brain?

Answer 8

corpora quadrigemina

Question 9

which side of the central sulcus does what?

Answer 9

precentral gyrus - motor

postcentral gyrus - sensory

Question 10

what is the final lengthening of the spinal cord? what is it made from?

Answer 10

filum terminale, made of pia mater

Question 11

where does the spinal cord finish?

Answer 11

at the level of L1/L2

Question 12

what is the bundle of nerves below the spinal cord?

Answer 12

cauda equina

Question 13

where do motor fibres cross?

Answer 13

85% cross in the pyramids of the medulla oblongata and travel via the lateral corticospinal tract
15% cross in spinal cord at level of exit via the ventral corticospinal tract

Question 14

What is the ventral ramus larger than the dorsal ramus?

Answer 14

the ventral ramus carries neurons for all parts of the body except the back, which is signalled via the dorsal ramus

Question 15

what is the difference between the ventral and dorsal root?

Answer 15

ventral root carries signals out (motor)

dorsal root carries signals in (sensory)

Question 16

what is the difference between the somatic and autonomic sides of the spinal cord?

Answer 16

In addition to what the somatic side has, the autonomic side has a sympathetic chain of sympathetic trunk ganglion running down either side of the spinal cord. Signals travel from trunk to target rather than from spinal cord to target as in the somatic side.

Question 17

sympathetic vs parasympathetic neurons

Answer 17

Sympathetic - short preganglionic neuron and long postganglionic neuron
Parasympathetic - long preganglionic neuron and short postganglionic neuron

Question 18

Three layers of nerve connective tissue

Answer 18

Endoneurium - around each axon
Perineurium - around axon bundle and blood vessels
Epineurium - around entire nerve

Question 19

what is a dermatome?

Answer 19

the area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve

Question 20

what is the function of the pons?

Answer 20

link the cerebellum with the midbrain, diencephalon, cerebrum and spinal cord

Question 21

what is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 21

monitor all proprioceptive, visual, tactile, balance and auditory sensations

Question 22

what is the function of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 22

connect brain to spinal cord

responsible for complex automatic reflexes and control of visceral functions

Question 23

what is brocha’s and wernicke’s area??

Answer 23

brocha - speech generation (motor => frontal lobe)

wernicke - speech comprehension (parietal lobe)

Question 24

Compare the homunculi of motor and sensory area?

Answer 24

motor - lots of nerves for hands and face/lips (fine movements)
sensory - lots of nerves for feet, hands and face

Question 25

What is cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 25

150mL of clear fluid in sinuses of brain, supplies nutrients and removes waste products, also has a protective, shock absorption role

Question 26

what does the choroid plexus do and where is it?

Answer 26

produce CSF (up to 500mL per day) found in each ventricle