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Anatomy & Physiology II > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Bundles of nerve fibers (neuron processes) running through the PNS are called

Tracts

Nerves

A

Nerves

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2
Q

The nervous system processes and interprets sensory input and decides what should be done.

Sensory input

Integration

Motor output

A

Integration

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3
Q

What’s the name for the three connective tissue membranes covering and protecting the CNS?

A

Meninges

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4
Q

Small collections of cell bodies are called.

A

Ganglia

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5
Q

The most abundant and versatile glial cells. They cling to neurons and their synaptic endings and cover nearby capillaries. The support and brace the neurons and anchor them to their nutrient supply lines.

A

Astrocytes

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6
Q

Cell bodies of sensory neurons, whose fibers enter the cord via dorsal or ventral root?

A

Dorsal root

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7
Q

What are two functional subdivisions of the PNS?

A

Sensory (afferent) division

Motor (efferent) division

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8
Q

Which cells surround neuron cell bodies located in the PNS and have same functions as astrocytes in the CNS.

A

Satellite cells

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9
Q

Which matter consists of mostly unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies

A

Gray matter

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10
Q

Which cells line up along the thicker nerve fibers in the CNS and wrap their processes tightly around the fibers, producing and insulating covering called a myelin sheath

A

Oligodendrocytes

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11
Q

Often referred to as the involuntary nervous system.

A

Autonomic nervous system (efferent divsion)

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12
Q

Which cells line the central cavities of the brain and the spinal cord, where they form a permeable barrier between the CSF that fills those cavities and the tissue bathing the cells of the CNS.

A

Ependymal cells

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13
Q

What are the two glial cells found in the PNS?

A

Satellite and Schwann cells

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14
Q

Consists of visceral nerve fibers that control the activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Somatic sensory fibers (afferent division)

Visceral sensory fibers (afferent division)

Somatic nervous system (efferent division)

Autonomic nervous system (efferent division)

A

Autonomic nervous system (efferent division)

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15
Q

Consists mainly of nerves (bundles of fibers) that extend from the brain and spinal cord.

CNS

PNS

A

PNS

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16
Q

The gray matter of the spinal cord surrounds [?] which contains CSF

A

Central canal

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17
Q

Which special features of the midbrain are bulging nuclei are reflex centers involved with vision and hearing?

A

Corpora quadrigemina

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18
Q

Which part of the brain provides timing for skeletal muscle activity and controls our balance and equilibrium.

A

Cerebellum

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19
Q

The two posterior projections of gray matter of the spinal cord are called

A

The dorsal posterior horns

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20
Q

The nervous system activates effector organs such as muscle and glands to cause a response.

Sensory input

Integration

Motor output

A

Motor output

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21
Q

White matter of the spinal cord is divided into three regions called

A

Dorsal, lateral, and ventral columns

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22
Q

The system that interprets sensory input and dictates motor output based on reflexes, current conditions, and past experience

CNS

PNS

A

CNS

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23
Q

Which column has ascending tracts only that carry sensory input to the brain?

A

Dorsal column

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24
Q

How many types of glial cells are in the PNS?

A

Two

25
Q

What special feature of the midbrain convey ascending and descending impulses

A

Cerebral peduncles

26
Q

Which region of the brainstem have nuclei that assists in breathing?

A

Pons

27
Q

How many types of glial cells are in the CNS?

A

Four

28
Q

The two anterior projections of gray matter of the spinal cord are called

A

Ventral anterior horns

29
Q

Surround all nerve fibers in the PNS and form myelin sheaths around the thicker fibers. Similar to oligodendrocytes. These cells are vital for regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers

A

Schwann cells

30
Q

Which region of the diencephalon is an important autonomic nervous system center because it plays a role in the regulation of body temperature, water balance, and metabolism?

A

Hypothalamus

(It is also the center for many drives and emotions, and such as it is important part of the limbic system)

31
Q

The ventral horns of gray matter contain cell bodies of sensory or motor neurons?

A

Motor neurons

(Motor neurons of the somatic voluntary nervous system)

32
Q

Which region of the brainstem is an important fiber tract that contains many nuclei which have centers that control heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, and vomiting, etc.

A

Hypothalamus

33
Q

The cell bodies of sensory neurons are found in an enlarged area called

A

Dorsal root ganglion

34
Q

Bundles of nerve fibers (neuron processes) running through the CNS are called

Tracts

Nerves

A

Tracts

35
Q

The subarachnoid space is between which two meninges?

A

Subarachnoid mater and the pia mater

36
Q

Often referred to as the voluntary nervous system.

A

Somatic nervous system (efferent division)

37
Q
A
38
Q

What are the four glial cells found in the CNS?

A

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells

39
Q

When we consume too much alcohol, we lose equilibrium or balance. This shows this part of the brain is being affected

A

The cerebellum

40
Q

Somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system are sub-division of which division?

Afferent division

Efferent division

A

Efferent division

41
Q

Touch nearby neurons, monitoring their health, and when they sense that certain neurons are injured, they migrate toward them. Invading microbes or dead neurons are present, these cells transform into a macrophage that phagocytizes the microbes and neuronal debris.

A

Microglial cells

42
Q

Which meninge is double-layered?

A

Dura mater

(Periosteal layer x meningeal layer)

43
Q

Transmit impulses from visceral organs within the ventral body cavity.

Somatic sensory fibers (afferent division)

Visceral sensory fibers (afferent division)

Somatic nervous system (efferent division)

Autonomic nervous system (efferent division)

A

Visceral sensory fibers

44
Q

What makes up the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, medulla, and pons

45
Q

Composed of somatic motor nerve fibers that conduct impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles.

Somatic sensory fibers (afferent division)

Visceral sensory fibers (afferent division)

Somatic nervous system (efferent division)

Autonomic nervous system (efferent division)

A

Somatic nervous system (efferent division)

46
Q

What fluid forms a watery cushion that protects fragile nervous tissue from blows and decreases the brain’s weight?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

47
Q

Which matter consists of dense collection of myelinated fibers (tracts)

A

White matter

48
Q

The nervous system uses sensory receptors to monitor changes occurring both inside and outside the body.

Sensory input

Integration

Motor output

A

Sensory input

49
Q

Where are bipolar neurons found?

A

Special sense organs

(i.e. Eye / nose)

50
Q

Which cells control the chemical environment around neurons, where their most important job is cleaning up leaked potassium ions and recapturing and recycling neurotransmitters.

A

Astrocytes

51
Q

Thirst, appetite, sex, pain, and pleasure centers are in which region of the diencephalon?

A

Hypothalamus

52
Q

What is the outermost meningeal layer?

A

Dura mater

53
Q

Cell bodies are found in the CNS in clusters called.

A

Nuclei

54
Q

Supporting cells of CNS are called.

A

Neuroglia cells or glial cells

55
Q

What creates cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Choroid plexus

56
Q

Transmit impulses from the CNS to effector organs which are muscles and glands.

Afferent division

Efferent division

A

Efferent division

57
Q

Convey impulses from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints.

Somatic sensory fibers (afferent division)

Visceral sensory fibers (afferent division)

Somatic nervous system (efferent division)

Autonomic nervous system (efferent division)

A

Somatic sensory fibers

58
Q

Consists of nerve fibers (axons) that convey impulses to the central nervous system from sensory receptors

Afferent division

Efferent division

A

Afferent division

Anatomy & Physiology II (3 decks)

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