Nervous System Flashcards
How are motor neurones adapted to carry out their function
Elongated shape for connections
Insulating sheath to speed up nerve imoulse
Branched endings allowing a neurone to connect to others
How do impulses travel across synapses
A synapse is a gap between neurones
An electrical impulse travels down neurone until reaches synapse
Transmitter substance releases across synapse, travels by diffusion
This binds with receptor molecules on next neurone
Electrical impulse is released in that neurone
What can nervous system be divided into
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
What detects stimuli or changes in the environment
Stimuli is detected with receptors
What are effectors
Muscles or glands that change in response to signal from the receptor
In Voluntary responses a person decides how to react to a stimulus
What is the pathway for processing the information and acting on it
Stimulus, Receptor (detects insect,cause impulse to travel to sensory), Sensory neurone (impulse recieved,spinal cord to brain) COORDINATOR(brain decides left hand,impulse to Motor neurone in spinal cord)
Motor neurone (sends out of spinal cord)
Effector (impulse received ), Response
Reflex actions are involuntary
The pathway for receiving and acting on information is called the reflex arc
What are the steps
Stimulus, Receptor(stimulated by pin),
Sensory neurone(impulses pass along here to spinal cord,synapses to relay)
RELAY NEURONE (bypasses brain,synapses with motor )
Motor neurone, Effector (impulses received causing responce)
Response
What are receptors and what do they generate
Receptors are specialised nerve endings which generate nerve impulses
What are the different types of receptors
Receptors work with sensory neurones
Light receptors in retina
Sound and change of position retinas in ears
Taste receptors in tongue
Smell receptors in nose
Touch, pressure,pain and temperature receptors in skin
What is the function of sensory neurones
Carries impulses from receptors to the central nervous system
What is the function of relay neurones
Makes connections between neurones in brain and spinal chord
What is the function of motor neurones
Carries nerve impulses from central nervous system to the muscles and glands
What is the peripheral nervous system
It consists of neurones that travel to and from the central nervous system
The pathway for receiving and acting on information in a reflex action is called the reflex arc
Describe it
This path uses spinal chord not the brain
(however the message is also sent there)
The path is:
Stimulus, receptor, sensory neurone, RELAYED TO SPINAL CHORD, motor neurone, effector, response (done without thinking)
What do neurons carry and what is it carried in
A nerve impulse in the auxin (long thin part)
