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SCIENCE B1 > Fitness and Health > Flashcards

Fitness and Health Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What does healthy mean

A

Free from disease with mental and physical wellbeing

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1
Q

What does being fit mean

A

How much physical activity you do and recovery time

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2
Q

What are 5 ways to measure fitness

A 
Stamina
Strength
Flexibility 
Agility
Speed
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3
Q

What is cardiovascular efficiency

What does it measure

A

How well the heart copes with aerobic exercise and how quickly it recovers afterwards

Measures general fitness

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4
Q

What is normal resting pulse for an adult

A

Between 60bpm and 100bpm

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5
Q

What vessels pumps blood around the body

are they away/to the heart?

A

Arteries- AWAY FROM HEART
Capillaries
Veins-TO HEART

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6
Q

What is blood pressure a measure of

A

Force of blood per unit area

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7
Q

What is it called when heart muscle contracts forcing blood into arteries around body

A

Systolic

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8
Q

What is it called when heart relaxes and pressure in arteries drops

A

Diastolic

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9
Q

What is normal blood pressure

A

120/80mmHg

Systolic/diastolic

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10
Q

What factors increase blood pressure

A

High stress
Smoking- carbon monoxide and nicotine affect heart
Excess alchohol
Excess weight- strain on heart
Excess saturated fat in diet -cholesterol builds up in arteries restricting blood flow
Excess salt in diet

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11
Q

What substances are also needed in a balanced diet to keep humans healthy but do not provide energy

A

Minerals eg. Iron needed to make haemoglobin in red blood cell
Vitamins eg. Vitamin C prevents scurvy
Fibre- prevents constipation
Water- prevents dehydration

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12
Q

What is BMI formula

A

BMI= mass(kg) / height (in m)2

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13
Q

What are carbohydrates made of

A

Simple sugars such as glucose

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14
Q

What are fats made up of

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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15
Q

What happens to carbohydrates, fats and proteins (food molecules) that are not used immediately

A

Carbohydrates- stored in liver as glycogen or converted to fat
Fats-stored under skin and around organs as adipose tissue

Proteins are not stored

16
Q

What are essential amino acids

A

Your body cannot make them

17
Q

What are non-essential amino acids

A

Made in the body

18
Q

What are first class proteins

A

Contain all different types of amino acids. These foods enable body to make all necessary proteins.

Fish,meat

19
Q

What are second class proteins

A

Plant matter, not all necessary amino acids

Beans,pulses

20
Q

What does protein deficiency result in

A

Kwashiorkor

Muscles waste away and stomach swells with fluid

21
Q

What is used to calculate daily intake of protein

A

EAR

protein= 0.6 x body mass (kg)

22
Q

How does smoking increase blood pressure

Give the two ways

A

CARBON MONOXIDE- restricts red blood cells carrying oxygen by combining with the haemoglobin in them. The heart has to beat faster to make up for lowered oxygen capacity
NICOTINE- has a direct affect on the heart making it beat faster

23
Q

How is long term high blood pressure dangerous

A

Blood vessels can weaken and eventually burst

Burst blood vessels in the brain or kidneys is very dangerous

24
Q

What are the problems with low blood pressure

A

Blood does not circulate efficiently so some parts of the body are deprived of glucose and oxygen. This may. Be due to a weak heart

This can lead to dizziness and fainting with poor circulation, cold hands and feet

25
Q

What must a balanced diet contain

A

Carbohydrates and fats- provide energy

Protein- growth and repair of tissues

26
Q

What are amino acids

A

Long chains of protein molecules

27
Q

How would EAR calculation vary

A

May vary depending on age or whether a woman is pregnant or producing milk to provide nutrients for the baby
Or a more physical lifestyle to repair muscle

28
Q

What are some results of anorexia nervosa

A

When people starve or restrict what they eat

Extreme weight loss and poor growth, constipation and abdominal pains, poor circulation
Can lead to brittle bones (osteoporosis)

29
Q

What are some results of bulimia nervosa

A

When people make themselves vomit or take laxatives to get food out of their system before it can be digested

Large weight fluctuations, sore throat, tooth decay, increased risk of problems with internal organs

30
Q

Which side of the heart is rich in oxygen

Oxygenated

A

The left side

31
Q

Which side of the heart is not rich in oxygen (deoxygenated)

A

The right side

SCIENCE B1 (7 decks)

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