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A & P > Nervous System 4 > Flashcards

Nervous System 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory neurons have structures that response to a stimulus are called

A

Receptors

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2
Q

What are connected to the neuron by dendrites

A

Receptors

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3
Q

What are the two type of senses

A

General and special senses

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4
Q

What type of sense is the receptors for these are widely distributed throughout the body: example skin organs joints

A

General senses

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5
Q

What type of sense are specialized receptors that are confined to structures in the head ex: eyes ears

A

Special senses

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6
Q

The stimulation of a receptor results in an action potential, impulses are carried from the PNS by afferent (sensory) neurons toward the CNS, the CNS analyzes and interprets the impulses

A

Sensory impulses

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7
Q

Are all nerve impulses (action potentials) that travel from a sensory receptor to the CNS the same??

A

Yes

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8
Q

The part of the cerebral cortex that receives the impulse determines

A

What the sensation is

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9
Q

The intensity (strength) of a stimulus is interpreted in the brain by

A

The rate ( frequancy) of the Impulses (action potential) reaching the brain

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10
Q

If a stimulus is constant for a period of time then

A

A receptor may or will adapt

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11
Q

In adaptive response what adapts quickly. Ie touch, temp. Receptors»
Not feeling your clothes

A

Phasic adaptors

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12
Q

In adaptive response what adapts slowly or not at all ie pain receptors

A

Tonic adaptors

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13
Q

Chemoreceptors, nocireceptors, photoreceptors, thermoreceptors, mechanorecptors are

A

Types of receptors

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14
Q

What receptor type respond to changes in chemical substances - smell, taste, oxygen levels

A

Chemoreceptors

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15
Q

What receptor type respond to tissue damage from: mechanical, electrical, thermal, chemical

A

Nocireceptors (pain)

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16
Q

What receptor type respond to light energy

A

Photoreceptors

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17
Q

What receptor type respond to the Changes in temperature

A

Thermoreceptors

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18
Q

Proprioreceptors, barorecptors, and stretch receptors are three types of

A

Mechanorecptors

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19
Q

What mechanorecptor respond to change in positions

A

Propriorecptors

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20
Q

What mechanorecptor respond to change in pressure

A

Barorecptors

21
Q

What mechanorecptor are used in organs and muscles

A

Stretch receptors

22
Q

Receptors for the _______ are widely distributed throughout the body

A

General senses

23
Q

Exteroreceptive and visceroreceptivre are what type of senses

A

General senses

24
Q

What general sense changes occurring at the bodies surfaces

A

Exteroreceptive

25
Q

What general sense changes occurring in the viscera (organs)

A

Visceroreceptivre

26
Q

What type of senses are smell, taste, hearing, equilibrium, and sight

A

Special senses

27
Q

What is the organ of hearing

A

The ear

28
Q

Of the hearing sense what is the section of the ear that external structures to tympanic membrane (eardrums) and gathers and transmits sound vibrations to internal structures

A

Outer section

29
Q

Of the hearing sense what is the section of the ear is a air filled cavity within the temporal bone of the skull also contains 3 auditory ossicles malleus, incus, stapes and transmit & amplifies sound vibrations to the inner ear

A

Middle section

30
Q

Of the hearing sense what is the section of the ear is the system of inter- communicating chambers

A

Inner section

31
Q

Of the inner section of the hear what functions in hearing

A

Cochlea

32
Q

Of the inner section of the hear what functions in equilibrium

A

Semicircular canals, and vestibule

33
Q
  1. Sound waves enter external ear.
  2. Sound pressures cause tympanic membrane to produce vibrations.
  3. Auditory ossicles amplify and transmit vibrations to the cochlea.
  4. Specialized receptor cells (hair cells) in the cochlea respond to different frequencies of vibrations.
  5. Hair cells respond by releasing neurotransmitters.
  6. Neurotransmitters stimulate sensory neurons in cranial nerve VII.
  7. Impulses travel along the cranial nerve VII to the auditory cortex in temporal lobe for interpretation are
A

Mechanism of hearing

34
Q

Of the static equilibrium the _____ senses the position of head when body is NOT moving also has specialized receptor cells (hair cells)

A

Vestibule

35
Q

Of the dynamic equilibrium the ______ senses rotation and movement of head body, has three canals at right angles, has specialized receptor cells (hair cells)

A

Semicircular

36
Q

The function of visual receptors located in the eyes also termed photoreceptors

A

Sight

37
Q

Eyelids, lacrimal apparatus, and extrinsic ocular muscles are the _______ of sight

A

Accessory organs

38
Q

In sight what is performed by the visual cortex in the occipital lobes

A

Interpretation of visual stimuli

39
Q

In the outer layer of eye what is anterior 1/6, bulges outward and transparent due to lack of blood vessels and the extremely regular pattern of the connective tissue fibers also helps focus entering light

A

Cornea

40
Q

In the outer layer of the eye what is posterior 5/6, white portion of the eye, protects the eye, attachment site for extrinsic muscles

A

Sclera

41
Q

In the middle layer of the eye what contains the ciliary muscles & ciliary process • suspensory ligaments off the ciliary process hold the lens in place

A

Ciliary body

42
Q

Of the middle layer of the eye a thin diaphragm of connective tissue and smooth muscles , the color portion of the eye, the pupil- center opening

A

Iris

43
Q

In the inner layer of the eye what contains the visual receptors, continuos with the optic nerve, dense capillary network

A

Retina

44
Q

In the inner layer of the eye the central region of the retina, produces the sharpest vision

A

Macula lutea

45
Q

Of the inner layer of the eye it’s medial to macula lutea, nerve fibers leave the eye and become part of the optic nerve, does not contain receptor cells (blind spot)

A

Optic disc

46
Q

Photoreceptors are modified neurons two distinct types

A

Rods

Cones

47
Q

What photoreceptor have long, thin projections at their terminal , contains light- sensitive visual pigments, more sensitive to light than comes, also produce colorless vision

A

Rods

48
Q

What photoreceptor have short, blunt projections at their terminal end, produce sharp images, responsible for the color in vision

A

Cones

49
Q

Of the photoreceptor in cones what depends upon which set of cones the light from an image stimulates

A

Color perceived

A & P (4 decks)

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