Nervous System Flashcards
The system in the body that is made up of the brain, brain stem , spinal cord, nerves,ganglia, and parts of the receptor organs and that receives and interpret stimuli
Nervous system
The organization of the nervous system are
Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous system (pns)
The brain, brain stem, and spinal cord make up what nervous system
Central nervous system
The somatic (cranial nerves)(spinal nerves) and autonomic (bipolar)(unipolar)(multipolar) make up the
Peripheral nervous system
Every component of the CNS and rns is composed primarily of
Neurons
A group of multiple neurons
A nerve
A single nerve that acts as a conduit to conduct a signal or impulse in ONLY one direction
Neuron
What is a neuron composed of
Cell body, dendrites, axon
The classification of the nervous system is based on
Physiological (functional) and anatomical (structural)
In the physiological classification what neuron conducts an impulse toward the CNS and also called sensory neurons
Afferent neuron
In the physiological classification what neuron conducts an impulse away from CNS and also called the motor neurons
Efferent neuron
In the physiological classification what neuron conduct impulses between other neurons also found only in the brain & spinal cord
Interneuron
In the anatomical classification what have TWO extensions from the cell body, one from each end, one is the axon 2nd is a dendrite and is found I the eyes, nose, ears (afferent,sensory)
Bipolar
In the anatomical classification what has ONE extension from the cell body. The extensions divides into 2 branches but only one is associated with the dendrite and is found in sensory neurons such as temp, touch, and pain
Unipolar
What is the anatomical classification that has many extensions from the cell body , only one is the axon and is found everywhere
Multipolar
What are the nervous system functions
Gather information
Transport info
Interpret info
The info must be in a form the body can transport and read like what
TV/ SATELLITE signals
What is a form of signal the nervous signal use
Action potential
What is also called a nerve impulse or signal and described as a wave of electromagnet activity that allows a neuron to carry signal over a distance and generated by the diffusion of specific ions in & out the neuron is
Action potential
Most substances in nature are what and have neither a positive or negative charge
Neutral
If something have a charge it has
Polarity
In action potential the insides of all cells in the body are what when compared to the outside of the cell
Negative
In action potential what is the polarity of the inside of a cell
Negative polarity
What is maintained by protein pumps in the cell membrane that uses ATP ex ATPhase pump s (active transport)
Internal negative polarity
allows diffusion of specific ions to occur thru protein channels from high concentration to low
Changes polarity inside cell are results from what
When a stimulus comes in contact with a neurons dendrites/cell body
In action potential a stimulus can come from
External environment (hot/cold light, movement) Internal environment (brain making impulse ,stretch of an organ, muscle
What is a change in polarity called
Electrochemical activity
What does NA+\k+ pump use
Active transport
Where does action potential occur ONLY in neurons
The axons
What is the extension of the cell body only one per neuron surrounded by layers of a phospholipid membrane
Axons
What are the layers of phospholipid membrane and are produced by non- neuron cell
Myelin sheath
The action potential that moves to the next area of the axon that is un-myelinated
Node of ranvier
The area of the axon where the action potential moved from is now refractory which means
It cannot generate another action potential for a specific time and the AP Can only move in one direction
To connect all parts of the body to CNS.
In the CNS processes the incoming data.
To send signal back to the rest of the body to direct activities.
Functions of action potential
During the function of a action potential each step of it there will be connections between what
Neurons
In the neuronal arrangement the 1st neuron before the synapse is called
Pre-synaptic neuron
The 2nd neuron after the synapse is called
The post synaptic neuron
In a neuronal arrangement each time there is a neuronal connection there is a synapse which means what is used
Neurotransmitter
In signal transmission when an impulse reaches the end of the pre-synaptic neuron (1st neuron ) what happens
Neurotransmitter released into synapse.
Release from vesicles (packages) Exocytoces.
How strong the impulse is determines the amount of neurotransmitter released
In signal transmission the greater the concentration of neurotransmitter released into the synapse means
The faster it DIFFUSES across the synapse. (Speed)
The greater the response of the post-synaptic neuron (intensity)
The nervous system produces how many different types of neurotransmitters
30
What type of neurotransmitters are based on substances they are synthesis from
Products of metabolism
Modified amino acids
I unmodified amino acids
Peptides
