Nervous system 4 Flashcards
What is required for sensation to occur?
a) Stimulation
b) Transduction of a stimulus
c) Generation of an action potential in a sensory neuron
d) All of the above
All the above
What is transduction of a stimulus?
a) The process of breaking down food
b) The change in energy of a stimulus into an electrical graded potential
c) The integration of sensory input
d) The conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the environment
The change in energy of a stimulus into an electrical graded potential
How is the intensity of sensation determined?
a) By the color of the stimulus
b) By the temperature of the stimulus
c) By the frequency (#) of action potentials and number of receptors activated
d) By the location of the stimulus
By the frequency (#) of action potentials and number of receptors activated
What is the role of the sensory division of the nervous system?
a) To control voluntary movements
b) To control involuntary movements
c) To transmit sensory information from the periphery up to the spinal cord and to the brain
d) None of the above
To transmit sensory information from the periphery up to the spinal cord and to the brain
What is the motor division of the nervous system divided into?
a) The sensory and autonomic parts
b) The somatic and autonomic parts
c) The peripheral and central parts
d) The voluntary and involuntary parts
he somatic and autonomic parts
Which type of pain arises from the skin receptors?
a) Superficial somatic pain
b) Deep somatic pain
c) Visceral pain
d) Referred pain
Superficial somatic pain
What is referred pain?
a) Pain that originates from the skin receptors
b) Pain that arises from internal organs
c) Pain that is perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus or origin
d) Pain that is perceived in the same location as the stimulus
Pain that is perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus or origin
What are free nerve endings primarily used to detect?
a) Sound
b) Taste
c) Pain, temperature, tickle, itch, and some touch
d) Smell
Pain, temperature, tickle, itch, and some touch
What happens when a free nerve ending gets stimulated?
a) It generates an electrical gradient
b) It generates an action potential
c) It generates a neurotransmitter
d) It generates a hormone
It generates an action potential
What are encapsulated nerve endings primarily used for?
a) Pain detection
b) Temperature detection
c) Pressure and vibration detection
d) Tickle and itch detection
Pressure and vibration detection
What are sensory receptors for special senses called?
a) Free nerve endings
b) Encapsulated nerve endings
c) Separate cells
d) None of the above
Separate cells
Which type of proprioceptive receptor monitors the length of large skeletal muscles and is involved in stretch reflexes?
a) Tendon organs
b) Free nerve endings
c) Hair cells
d) Muscle spindles
Muscle spindles
Which type of proprioceptive receptor protects muscles and tendons from damage due to overstretching?
a) Tendon organs
b) Free nerve endings
c) Hair cells
d) Muscle spindles
Tendon organs
What is the location of joint kinesthetic receptors?
a. In the skin
b. In the muscle spindles
c. Within and around the joint capsule of synovial joints
d. In the tendons
Within and around the joint capsule of synovial joints
What type of movement do joint kinesthetic receptors respond to?
a. Only pressure
b. Only acceleration
c. Only deceleration
d. Pressure and acceleration and deceleration during movement
Pressure and acceleration and deceleration during movement
What is the function of joint ligament receptors?
a. To monitor muscle length
b. To protect muscles and tendons from overstretching
c. To detect pressure and vibration
d. To detect pain
To protect muscles and tendons from overstretching
What type of nerve fibers are attached to heat receptors?
a. Fast conducting myelinated fibers
b. Slow conducting myelinated fibers
c. Fast conducting unmyelinated fibers
d. Slow conducting unmyelinated fibers
Slow conducting unmyelinated fibers
How do heat receptors adapt to prolonged stimulus?
a. By increasing their frequency of action potentials
b. By decreasing their frequency of action potentials
c. By increasing the number of nerve fibers attached to them
d. By changing their location in the dermis
By decreasing their frequency of action potentials
What type of nerve fibers are linked to cold receptors?
a) Slow conducting unmyelinated C nerve fibers
b) Small fast type A nerve fibers
c) Large myelinated Aβ nerve fibers
d) None of the above
Small fast type A nerve fibers
What is the function of the somatic sensory pathways?
a) To carry information from somatic motor receptors to the CNS
b) To carry information from somatic sensory receptors to the CNS
c) To carry information from autonomic motor receptors to the CNS
d) To carry information from autonomic sensory receptors to the CNS
To carry information from somatic sensory receptors to the CNS
What is the primary somatosensory area?
a) The part of the brain that receives information from the cerebellum
b) The part of the brain that receives information from the peripheral nervous system
c) The part of the brain that receives information from the autonomic nervous system
d) The part of the brain that receives information from the motor cortex
The part of the brain that receives information from the peripheral nervous system
Where do the somatic sensory pathways carry information to in the cerebral cortex?
a) Primary motor area
b) Primary visual area
c) Primary somatosensory area
d) Primary auditory area
Primary somatosensory area
What other part of the brain do the somatic sensory pathways carry information to, in addition to the primary somatosensory area?
a) Cerebellum
b) Brainstem
c) Hippocampus
d) Thalamus
Thalamus
Which of the following brain centers control involuntary skeletal muscle contraction?
a) Cortex
b) Basal nuclei
c) Spinal cord/brain stem
d) Cerebellum
Spinal cord/brain stem
