Nervous System Flashcards
What is in the CNS
Brain
Spinal cord
What is in the PNS
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
What is the somative nervous system
Motor and sensory
What is in the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic
Name the parts of the brain
Cerebrum Cerebellum Pons Medulla Diencephalon Midbrain
What does the cerebellum do
Involved in maintenance of balance, posture, and muscle tone
Co-ordinates movement
What does the brain stem do
Contains ascending and descending nerve fibre tracts
What does the diencephalon do
Include the thalamus and hypothalamus
What does the thalamus do
Important relay station for sensory information
What does the hypothalamus do
Hormone secretion
Thirst centres
Thermoregulation
What is the organisation of the cerebrum
Frontal lobe
Partial lobe
Occipital
Temporal
What does the frontal lobe do
Motor Cortex
Intellect, planning, mood, social judgement
What does the parietal lobe do
General sensation and taste
What is the occipital lobe for
Visual cortex
What is the temporal lobe for
Auditory cortex
How many spinal segments are in the spine
31
Name the spinal segments of the spine
8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal
Name the protective membranes that surround the brain and the spinal cord
Skull and mininges
3 layers of the mininges
The dura
The arachnoid
Pis mater
Can neurons reproduce once damaged
No
What do neurons do
Carry signals from one place to another eg brain and spine
What neurons are stimulated what do thy transmit
An electrical impulse
What does the axon of the neurone do
Carries the electrical impulse away
What does the myelin sheath do
Protect the nerve fibres and increases rate of transmission of nerve impulses
What are the 2 systems of the nervous system
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
Motor neurons (efferent)
Send info away from the central nervous system to muscle or glands
Interneurons (afferent)
Send info between sensory neurons and motor neurons
Afferent fibres carry
Pain and impulses from internal organs
Efferent fibres stimulate
Smooth muscles
Glands
The heart
What are nerves
A bundle of axons carrying info from the CNS to the rest of the body or vice versa
How many cranial nerves are there
12 pairs that arise from the brain
How many spinal nerves are there
31 pairs, arise from the spinal cord
What is an action potential
The change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along a membrane
What is the change in membrane potential called
Depolarization (causes sodium channels to open)
How long does an action potential last for
A few milliseconds
release of neurotransmitters usually follow after arrival of an
Action potential
Polarisation occurs when
Sodium leaves the cell and potassium enters it
