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A&P > Circulation > Flashcards

Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

The systematic circulation delivers

A

Blood rich in oxygen from the left side of the heart to most body tissues
Returns blood low in oxygen to the right side of the heart

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2
Q

The pulmonary circulation delivers

A

Blood low in oxygen from the right side of the heart to the lungs
Returns rich in oxygen to the left side of the heart

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3
Q

What are the three layers of the blood vessel

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa

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4
Q

Arteries carry blood

A

Away from the heart

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5
Q

Blood returns to the heart in the

A

Veins

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6
Q

What do the pre-capillary sphincters located at the end of each capillary bed do

A

Control the blood flow to individual beds

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7
Q

What do venules do

A

Collect blood from capillary beds and deliver it to small veins

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8
Q

What do valves do

A

Prevent blood from flowing backwards

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9
Q

What is precardium

A

A sack of dense connective tissue that wraps around the heart and prevents it from overfilling

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10
Q

What are the three layers of the heart wall called

A

Endocardium - inner layer
Myocardium - middle layer
Epicardium - outer layer

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11
Q

Capillaries connect

A

Arteries and veins

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12
Q

The SA node is also know as

A

The pacemaker - sets the rythem

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13
Q

An electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

Records the spread of electrical activity through the heart muscle

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14
Q

Cardiac output =

A

Stroke volume X heart rate

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15
Q

What is stroke volume

A

Volume of blood ejected per beat

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16
Q

Resting heart rate should be

A

64-80bpm in young adults

120bpm in newborn

17
Q

What is tachycardia

A

Persistent resting heart rate above 100bpm

18
Q

What is bradycardia

A

Persistent resting heart rate below 60bpm

19
Q

Where is heart rate modified by

A

The cardiac centre of the medulla oblongata

20
Q

The cardioaccelerator centre

A

Sends sympathetic impulses to increase rate of firing at SA node

21
Q

The cardioinhibitory centre

A

Sends parasympathetic impulses to decrease rate of firing at SA node

22
Q

What is Blood pressure

A

Force that blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels

23
Q

Blood pressure =

A

Cardiac output (CO) X total peripheral resistance (TPR)

24
Q

Baroreceptors reflexes act to help restore blood pressure by

A

Increasing heart rate

25
Q

Systolic BP is

A

The force pressure on arteries

26
Q

The diastolic BP is

A

Pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats

27
Q

What is a myocardial infarction

A

Heart attack

28
Q

Extracellular fluid differs from intracellular fluid in adults because

A

It’s volume is smaller

29
Q

What does the cardiovascular system do

A

Delivers gases nutrients and hormones to the cells and tissues
Removes waste products
Consists of blood, circulating system, and the heart

A&P (6 decks)

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