Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two branches of the nervous system?

A

Central and peripheral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the branches of the CNS?

A

The brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the branches of the PNS?

A

Autonomic and somatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the divisions of the autonomic?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the spinal cord protected by?

A

vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the spinal cord sit within?

A

Verterbral Canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the vertebral canal formed by?

A

Stacking of individual tunnels in each vertebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the end of the spinal cord level with in children?

A

L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the end of the spinal cord level with in adults?

A

L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the vertical tunnel running through the vertebra known as?

A

Vertical foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the outer section of the spinal cord consist of?

A

White matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does white matter contain?

A

The axons of neurons that form ascending and descending pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the inner section of the spinal cord made of?

A

Grey matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does grey matter consist of?

A

Where cell bodies of neurons are located and where synapses occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do neurons from the body enter the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do neurons exit the spinal cord from?

A

ventral horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the three tracts of the somatic nervous system?

A

lateral corticospinal tract, dorsal columns and anterolateral fascicutus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the lateral corticospinal tract do?

A

Carries descending motor tracts from the cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the dorsal columns for?

A

Sense of fine touch and proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the anterolateral fasciutus do?

A

Carries pain and temperature sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where do autonomic nerves run?

A

Not within spinal cord - in collection of ganglia along side it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What type of control is the autonomic nervous system?

A

subconsious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the autonomic system generally innervate?

A

Smooth muscle of tissues or glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What actions is the autonomic system involved with?

A

Temperature control, continence, secretions and gastic motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Where do autonomic neurons arise?
from the spinal cord and directly from the brain
26
What does the sympathetic nervous system initiate?
The fight or flight response
27
Where are sympathetic cell bodies present?
In the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord segments
28
What do sympathetic cell bodies connect to?
A paravertebral ganglion chain or individual ganglia
29
What does the sympathetic nervous system innervate?
Heart, blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and adrenal medulla
30
Where do parasympathetic neurons arise from?
Cranial nerves or lumbosacral spinal cord
31
What does the parasympathetic system stimulate?
Rest and digest functions
32
Where are parasympathetic ganglia located?
Close to target organ
33
What is the somatic nervous system responsible for?
Conscious control of the body
34
What do afferent somatic sensory nerves detect?
Pain, temperature, touch and proprioception
35
What do somatic efferent nerves motor to?
effector skeletal muscles
36
Where do somatic neurons project to?
Directly to their target cell via a single neuron
37
What are the two types of somatic nerves?
Spinal and cranial
38
What do spinal nerves carry?
peripheral nerves that carry axons of neurons of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems to and from spinal cord
39
Where does a spinal nerve exit the spinal cord?
Inferior to each vertebra level
40
What is the expception to the spinal nerves exiting the spinal cord inferior to each verterbrea level?
In the cervial region they exit superiorly so there is a spinal root both above and below to C7
41
How many spinal roots are there in total?
31
42
Where is there an additional spinal root?
At the coccyx
43
Dorsal (afferent) and ventral (efferent) roots unit to form a what?
Mixed segmental spinal nerve
44
What may a mixed segmental spinal nerve continue to form?
A nerve plexus or a single peripheral nerve
45
What is a lumbar plexus?
Made up of spinal nerves arising from the spinal cord below vertebrea T12-L5
46
Where does the femoral nerve arise from?
Spinal roots L2,L3 and L4
47
What does the femoral nerve supply?
Muscles and skin of the leg
48
What are dermatomes and myotomes representative of?
The distribution of somatic nerves
49
What is a distinct area of skin supplied by a spinal root known as?
dermatome
50
what is a distinct area of muscle supplies by a spinal root known as?
Myotome
51
What are the roles of the sciatic nerve with respect to muscles?
Motor to muscles of posterior thigh (the hamstrings that flex the knee)
52
Where does pain from sciatica radiate from?
The buttock down the leg
53
What are the roles of the sciatic nerve with respect to skin?
Sensory afferent from the skin over the lateral side of the leg (below the knee) and skin on sole and dorsum of foot
54
What are the roles of the femoral nerve with respect to muscles?
Motor to muscles of anterior thigh (the quads that extend the knee)
55
What are the roles of the femoral nerve with respect to skin?
Sensory afferent from anterior thigh and medial leg
56
How many cranial nerves are there?
12
57
What are the special senses?
Sight, Taste, Hearing, Smell, Balance
58
What does the left hemisphere of the brain control?
Logic and numbers and language. Processes sensory and motor pathways for the right side of the body
59
What does the right hemisphere of the brain control
Creativity, immagination and rythym and processes the sensory and motor pathways of the left side of the body
60
How are the two hemispheres joined?
By a neutral bridge of nerve fibre known as the CORPUS CALLOSUM
61
What are the three subdivisions of the brain?
Forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain
62
What are the three subdivisions of the forebrain?
Cerebral cortex, thalamus and hypothalmus
63
What are the three subdivisions of the hindbrain?
Medulla, pons and cerebellum
64
What makes up the brain stem?
Midbrain medulla and pons
65
What structure run through the brains stem?
Reticular formation
66
What is the recticular formation important for?
Controlling consciousness
67
What does the midbrain control?
Higher functions (eye movements and auditory system)
68
What does the medulla control?
Basic functions such as breathing and heart rate
69
What does the pons control?
Indistinct functions in conciousness and posture
70
What does the cerebellum consist of?
Two mounds of folded tissue posterioe to the brainstem
71
How is the cerebellum connected to the brainstem?
Three peduncles of neural tissue
72
What is the cerebellum concerned with?
motor functions and motor learning
73
Where does the cerebellum receive inputs from?
Ascending sensory pathways from body and descending motor pathways from cerebrum and other info from brainstem
74
WHat is the thalamus?
A relay point where all inputs to the cerebrum synapse before ascending to the cerebral cortex
75
What is the main function of the hypothalmus?
homeostasis
76
What is directly controlled by the hypothalamus?
Blood pressure, body temperature, fluid and electrolyte balance, body weight
77
How are heart rate, vasoconstriction, digestion and sweating controlled by the hypothalamus?
By inputs to the medulla
78
What does stimulation of the pituitary gland do?
Hormone release
79
What does most of the volume of the cerebral hemispheres consist of?
White matter
80
Where does grey matter exist?
Only on the surface of the hemispheres
81
What is the cerebral cortex the location of?
Higher fuctions e.g. intelligence, personality, planning, touch sensation
82
What are sulci?
Infoldings of the brain
83
What are gyri?
Sticky out bits between sulci - areas of functional grey matter
84
What is the CNS covered with?
The meninges
85
What is the meninges?
A layer of tissues
86
What is within the meninges?
cerbro spinal fluid that bathes the CNS
87
What is CSF produced by?
specialised epithelium - choroid plexus
88
Where is the choroid plexus found?
lining cavities within the brain called ventricles
89
What does the choroid plexus actively secrete?
Components of blood plasma in to the ventricles
90
Describe CSF
Clear fluid lower in proteins cells and most ions than plamsa
91
What does CSF have a higher concentration of than the plasma?
Sodium, chloride and magnesion
92
How are these ions transported in the to CNS
Active transport
93
Describe the pathway of CSF
Circulates through ventricles before exiting on to the surface of the brain (still within meninges) to bathe brain and spinal cord
94
What are ventricles linked by?
aqueducts
95
What is CSF reabsorbed by?
Venous circulation at specialised points called ARACHNIOID GRANULATIONS

Anatomy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions