Nervous System Flashcards
Named for the cranial bones that lie over them
Lobes
White substance of the CNS; myelinated nerve fibers
White mater
“Furrows”; shallow grooves on the cerebral hemispheres
Sulci
Rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli
Reflexes
A tight coil of wrapped membranes that enclose the axon; whitish, fatty material
Myelin sheath
Cling to neurons, bracing them and anchoring them to their nutrient supply line; the blood capillaries (make exchanges)
Astrocytes
3 connective tissue membranes covering and protecting the CNS structures
Meninges
The gray area of the CNS; contains unmyelinated nerve fibers and nerve cell bodies
Gray matter
Deep grooves that separate parts of the brain
Fissures
“Twisters”; elevated ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres
Gyri
Nerve impulses; it’s an all or none response
Action potential
Form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers that are found in the CNS
Schwann cells
The fluid produced in the cerebral ventricles; fills the ventricles and surround the CNS
Cerebrospinal fluid
“Spider”; middle meningeal layer
Arachnoid matter
“Gentle mother”; innermost membrane; clings tightly to the surface of the brain and spinal cord
Pia matter
“Tough mother”; double-layered membrane that surrounds the brain
Dura matter
Regulates involuntary muscle activity; includes smooth and cardiac muscles
Autonomic nervous system
Carries impulses from the CNS to effector organs, muscles, and glands
Motor (efferent) division
Consist of nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
The process where the sensory input is interpreted and decisions are made about what should be done at each moment
Integration
Information gathered by stimuli from sensory receptors to monitor changes
Sensory input
Consist of the BRAIN AND SPINAL CORDS
Central nervous system (CNS)
Consist of nerve fibers that convey impulses to the CNS
Sensory (afferent) division
Allows us to voluntarily control out skeletal muscles
Somatic nervous system
“Nerve glue”; many types of cells that support, insulate, and protect the delicate neurons
Neuralgia
