Chapter 12 Vocabulary Flashcards
Responds immediately to protect the body from all foreign substances
Nonspecific defense system
Called lymphatics; pick up excess tissues fluid and returns it to the blood
Lymphatic vessels
Highly specific resistance to disease
Immunity
A nonspecific response that is triggered whenever body tissues are inured; body’s second defense
Inflammatory response
“Chemical alarm”; an inflammatory process caused by oriented movement toward or was from a chemical stimulus
Chemotaxis
Produce antibodies and oversee humoral immunity
B lymphocytes
A specialized substance produced by the body that can produce immunity against a specific antigen
Antibodies
When a weakened strand of a virus is injected into the blood stream and causes a reaction from the immune system
Vaccine
Member of T & B cell clones that provide for immunological memory
Memory cell
The process in which a B cell or T cell becomes sensitized through binding contact with an antigen
Clonal selection
Capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it
Immunocompetent
A mass of lymphatic tissue; remove foreign materials such as bacteria from lymphatic system
Lymph nodes
Called immune system; mounts the attack against particular foreign substances
Specific defense system
A harmful, disease-causing microorganism
Pathogen
Any substance that, when introduced to the body, is recognized as foreign and activates the immune system
Antigen
Non-antibody producing lymphocytes that constitute the cell-mediated part of immunity
T lymphocytes
A phagocytic cell particularly abundant in lymphatic and connective tissue; important as an antigen-presenter to T & B cells in the immune response
Macrophages
Descendants of a single cell
Clone
Immunity produced by an encounter with an antigen; provides immunological memory
Active immunity
Short lived immunity resulting from the production of “borrowed antibodies” obtained from an immune animal or human donor; immunological memory is not produces
Passive immunity
Regulates T cells that suppress the immune response
Suppressor T cells
Effector T cells that directly kills foreign cells; “Killer T cells”
Cytotoxin T cells
“Directors or managers”; recruit other cells to fight invaders
Helper T cells
When the body produces antibodies and sensitized T cells that attack and damage it’s own tissues
Autoimmune disease
Blockage of the harmful effects of bacterial exotoxins or viruses by the binding of antibodies to their functional sites
Neutralization
