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Anaphy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Brain

Spinal cord

A

Central nervous system

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2
Q

Nervous tissue outside CNS

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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3
Q

conducts action
potentials from sensory receptors to the CNS

A

Sensory (afferent) division

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4
Q

conducts action
potentials from the CNS to effector organs, such
as muscles and glands

A

Motor (efferent) division

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5
Q

transmits action potentials from
the CNS to skeletal muscles

A

Somatic NS

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6
Q

transmits action potentials
from the CNS to cardiac muscle, smooth
muscle, and glands.

A

Autonomic NS

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7
Q

Page 9 ppt

A

page 9 ppt

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8
Q

Page 15 ppt

A

page 15 ppt

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9
Q

contains a
single nucleus

nucleus of the neuron is
the source of information
for gene expression

A

Cell body

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10
Q

receive information from
other neurons or from
sensory receptors and
transmit the information
toward the neuron cell
body

A

Dendrites

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11
Q

Axon single long cell
process extending from
the neuron cell body

conduct action potentials

A

Neurons

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12
Q

area where
the axon leaves the
neuron cell body

A

Axon hillock

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13
Q

Page 17 ppt

A

page 17 ppt

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14
Q

What are the types of neurons?

A

Multipolar – most motor and CNS neurons

To receive input from many different source

Bipolar – special senses

Pseudo-unipolar – most sensory neurons

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15
Q

The difference between multipolar neuron, bipolar neuron, and pseudo-unipolar neuron

A

A multipolar neuron has many dendrites and an axon, the bipolar neuron has a dendrite an an axon while pseudo-unipolar neuron have an axon but no dendrite

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16
Q

major
supporting cell

A

Astrocytes

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17
Q

separates blood from
the brain’s
extracellular fluid

A

Blood brain barrier page 22

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18
Q

line the
fluid-filled cavities
(ventricles and canals)
within the CNS

A

Ependymal cells

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19
Q

immune cells of the CNS

help protect the brain by removing bacteria and
cell debris

A

Microglia

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20
Q

specialized layers that wrap around the axons of
some neurons

A

Myelin Sheaths

Axons with these myelin sheaths are called
myelinated axons

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21
Q

gaps are called

A

nodes of ranvier

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22
Q

consists of groups of neuron cell
bodies and their dendrites, where there is very
little myelin

A

Gray matter

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23
Q

Parallel axons with myelin sheath

A

White matter Page 30

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24
Q

are closed until opened by
specific signals.

A

Gated channels

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25
Q

Describe the difference between Chemically gated channels and voltage-gated channels

A

Chemically gated channels are opened by
neurotransmitters or other chemicals

Voltage-gated channels are opened by a change
in membrane potential

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26
Q

rapid sequence of changes in the voltage
across a membrane

A

Action Potential

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27
Q

Page 39

A

Resting membrane potential

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28
Q

Page 40

A

Depolarization

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29
Q

Page 41

A

Repolarization

30
Q

Threshold is reached = action potential

Threshold is not reached =

A

action potential

is not reached = no action potential

31
Q

action
potential propagation across
unmyelinated axons

A

Continuous conduction

32
Q

in
myelinated axons, action
potentials “jump” from one
node of Ranvier to the next
along the length of the axon

A

Saltatory Conduction

33
Q

junction where the
axon of one neuron
interacts with
another neuron or
with cells of an
effector organ,
such as a muscle
or gland

A

Synapse

34
Q

end of the axon
forms a

A

presynaptic
terminal

35
Q

The membrane of
the dendrite or
effector cell is the

A

postsynaptic
membrane

36
Q

space separating the
presynaptic and
postsynaptic
membranes is the

A

synaptic cleft

37
Q

Chemical substances
called

A

neurotransmitters

38
Q

neurotransmitters are
stored in

A

synaptic
vesicles in the
presynaptic terminal.

39
Q

involuntary reaction in response to a stimulus
applied to the periphery and transmitted to the
CNS

A

Reflexes

40
Q

basic functional unit of the
nervous system because it is the smallest,
simplest pathway capable of receiving a
stimulus and yielding a response

A

Reflex arc

41
Q

arise along the spinal cord from the union of
the dorsal roots and ventral roots

A

Spinal nerves

42
Q

contain axons of both sensory and somatic
motor neurons and thus are called

A

mixed nerves

43
Q

Page 65 ppt

A
44
Q

Spinal nerves _______ do not join a plexus
because they directly control the muscles and
skin in the chest and abdomen

A

T2 through T11

45
Q

Three major plexus

A

Cervical plexus – neck, upper shoulders

Phrenic nerve – diaphragm

Brachial plexus – upper limbs

Lumbosacral plexus – lower limbs and pelvic
region

46
Q

page 72

A
47
Q

How many nerves we have?

A

12 cranial nerves

31 spinal nerves

48
Q

Which part of the brainstem, located at its most inferior portion and continuous with the spinal cord, regulates vital functions such as heart rate, blood vessel diameter, breathing, swallowing, and coordination?

A

Medulla oblongata

49
Q
A
50
Q

functional bridge between the cerebrum and
cerebellum

breathing, swallowing, balance, chewing and
salivation

A

Pons

51
Q

smallest region of the
brainstem

A

Midbrain

52
Q

major
relay centers for the
auditory nerve pathways

A

Inferior colliculi

53
Q

visual
reflexes and receive
touch and auditory input

A

Superior colliculi

54
Q

involved in maintaining
balance and muscle tone
and in coordinating fine
motor movement.

A

Cerebellum

55
Q

part of the brain
between the
brainstem and the
cerebrum

A

Diencephalon

56
Q

largest part of the diencephalon.

processes and sends sensory information to the
appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex for
interpretation

A

Thalamus

57
Q

body homeostasis

linking the nervous system to the endocrine system
via the pituitary gland

control of body temperature, hunger, and thirst.

Sensations such as sexual pleasure, rage, fear, and
relaxation after a meal

A

Hypothalamus

58
Q

small area superior and
posterior to the thalamus

A

Hypothalamus

59
Q

regulating the body’s circadian
rhythms

Releases melatonin

A

Pineal gland

60
Q

largest part of the
brain

A

Cerebrum

61
Q

Gyri – folds

Sulci - grooves

A

PAge 83

62
Q

control of
voluntary motor
functions, motivation,
aggression, mood, and
olfactory (smell)
reception

A

Frontal lobe

63
Q

principal
center for receiving and
consciously perceiving
most sensory
information, such as
touch, pain,
temperature, and
balance

A

Parietal lobe

64
Q

involved in olfactory
(smell) and auditory
(hearing) sensations
and plays an
important role in
memory

A

Temporal lobe

65
Q

receiving and
perceiving visual
input

A

occipital lobe

66
Q

Describe what is autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic

fight-or-flight

prepares the body for physical activity

Parasympathetic

rest-and-digest

stimulates involuntary activities of the body at
rest

67
Q

action potentials
initiated in this region control voluntary
movements of skeletal muscles

A

Primary motor cortex

68
Q

where motor functions are
organized before they are actually initiated in
the primary motor cortex

A

Premotor area

69
Q

motivation and foresight to
plan and initiate movements

A

Prefrontal area

70
Q

surround and protect the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

71
Q

Page 95

A

Anaphy (9 decks)

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