ANAPHY REVIEW Flashcards
Which of the ff best describes the characteristics of the organization
in living things?
a) The ability to produce offspring
b) The hierarchical structure from atoms to organisms
c) The process of converting food into energy
d) The ability to respond to environmental stimuli
b) The hierarchical structure from atoms to organisms
John notices that he sweats more during a hot summer day. This response is an example of:
a) Negative feedback
b) Positive feedback
c) Homeostasis
d) Both a and c
C) Homeostasis
Emily notices that her heart rate increases before an important presentation. This anticipatory response is primarily regulated by:
a) The parasympathetic nervous system
b) The sympathetic nervous system
c) The endocrine system
d) The immune system
b) The SNS
Which of the following is NOT a direct result of maintaining homeostasis?
a) Constant body temperature
b) Stable blood glucose levels
c) Consistent rate of evolution
d) Balanced pH in body fluids
c) Consistent rate of evolution
In which of the ff scenarios is positive feedback most likely to occur?
a) Regulating blood pressure
b) Maintaining body temperature
c) Childbirth contractions
d) Controlling blood glucose levels
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c) Child birth contractions
Sarah’s body temp rises slightly during exercise. After she stops, her body temp returns to normal. This is an example of:
a) Positive feedback
b) Negative feedback
c) Homeostatic imbalance
d) Thermoregulation failure
b) Negative feedback
John’s doctor explains that his recent weight gain has led to the formation of new fat cells. In which layer of the skin are the cells primarily located?
a) Epidermis
b) Dermis
c) Hypodermis
d) Stratum lucidum
C - Hypodermis
Tom’s biology teacher explains that Vitamin D synthesis occurs in the skin. Which of the ff is required for this process?
a) Exposure to ultraviolet light
b) Consumption of dairy products
c) Increased melanin production
d) Activation of sweat glands
a) Exposure to ultraviolet light
Lisa notices that her skin becomes dry and flaky during winter. Which function of the integumentary system is comprised in this situation
a) Thermoregulation
b) Vitamin D synthesis
c) Protection against pathogens
d) Prevention of water loss
d) Prevention of water loss
After a day at the beach, Sarah’s skin is red and painful to touch. What type of injury has she likely sustained?
a) second-degree burn
b)First degree
c) Third degree
d)frostbite
b)First degree
Tom is studying anatomy and notices that the bones in his wrist seem to have a different structure than those in his arm. Which of the following best describes the difference between these types of bones?
a) Wrist bones are long bones, while arm bones are short bones
b) Wrist bones are flat bones, while arm bones are irregular bones
c) wrist bones are short bones, while arm bones are long bones
d) Wrist bones are sesamoid bones, while arm bones are flat bones
d) Wrist bones are sesamoid bones, while arm bones are flat bones
During a biology class, students discuss the bone remodeling process. Which of the ff statements test describes the roles of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in this process?
a) Osteoblasts break down bone tissue, while osteoclasts build new bone tissue
b) Osteoblasts and osteoclasts both break down old bone tissue
c) Osteoblasts build new bone tissue, while osteoclasts break down old bone tissue
d) Osteoblasts and osteoclasts both build new bone tissue
d) Osteoblasts and osteoclasts both build new bone tissue
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A patient is undergoing treatment that affects their bone marrow. Which of the ff functions of the skeletal system is most likely to be directly impacted by this treatment?
a) PRodcutioon of red and white blood cells
b) Storage of calcium and phos[horus
c) Proteciton of internal organs
d) Facilitation of body movement
d) Storage of calcium of phosohorus
The quadriceps femoris is a group of muscles located in which part of the body?
a) upper arm
b) Lower leg
c) Upper leg
d) Chest
c) Upper leg
The rectus abdominis muscle is commonly known as:
a) Biceps
b) six-pack
c) OBliques
d) serratus
b) six-pack
During weight training, Mark focuses on eccentric contractions. What is happening to his muscles during these contractions?
A) The muscles are shortening while generating force
b) The muscles are lengthening while generating force
c) The muscles are neither lengthening nor shortening
d) The muscles are rapidly alternating between shortening and lengthening
b) The muscles are lengthening while generating force
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It help support, connect, and protect the neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems
Glial cell
Sarah experiences a sudden sharp pain when she accidentally
touches a hot stove. Her hand quickly pulls away before she even
realizes what happened. Which part of the nervous system is
primarily responsible for this rapid, automatic response?
a) Cerebral cortex
b) Spinal cord
c) Cerebellum
d) Medulla oblongata
c) Cerebellum
John is trying to maintain his balance while walking on a narrow
beam. Which part of his brain is most actively involved in
coordinating his movements and maintaining equilibrium?
a) Frontal lobe
b) Temporal lobe
c) Cerebellum
d) Hypothalamus
d) Hypothalamus
During a stressful situation, Emily’s heart rate increases and
she starts sweating. Which division of the autonomic nervous
system is primarily responsible for these physical responses?
a) Somatic nervous system
b) Parasympathetic nervous system
c) Sympathetic nervous system
d) Central nervous system
d) Central nervous system
Lisa is undergoing a medical procedure where the doctor needs to
temporarily block pain signals from her lower body. Where would
the doctor most likely administer an anesthetic to achieve this?
a) Brainstem
b) Spinal cord
c) Cerebral cortex
d) Peripheral nerves
c) Cerebral cortex
After a car accident, Rachel experiences changes in her
personality and decision-making abilities. Which part of
her brain was most likely affected?
a) Frontal lobe
b) Parietal lobe
c) Temporal lobe
d) Occipital lobe
b) Parietal lobe
Which of the following is NOT a function of glial cells in the
nervous system?
a) Providing structural support for neurons
b) Generating action potentials
c) Insulating axons with myelin
d) Removing debris and dead neurons
b) Generating action potentials
Sarah is studying neuroscience and observes that when she applies a
weak electrical stimulus to a neuron, no action potential occurs.
However, when she increases the stimulus strength slightly, a full
action potential is generated. Which principle best explains this
observation?
a) Temporal summation
b) Spatial summation
c) All-or-none principle
d) Graded potential principle
c) All-or-none principle
_______ in the body is normal only when there is a definite endpoint. This occurs when the system moves away from the normal range.
Positive feedback
What terminology is used to describe the movement of blood
vessels to conserve body heat and narrow the passageway?
vasoconstriction
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Which tissue type is responsible for the movement of the
body and is characterized by long, cylindrical cells that
are multinucleated and striated?
skeletal muscle tissue
Which epithelial tissue type forms the outer layer of the skin and
is composed of multiple layers of flat cells?
stratified squamous tissue
What type of tissue forms the walls of the heart and is characterized by branching, striated cells that are connected by intercalated discs?
cardiac muscle tissue
This type of tissue is specialized for the storage of fat and serves as an energy reservoir. What is it called?
adipose tissue
What type of connective tissue provides structural support and is found in the framework of the ear, nose, and larynx?
elastic cartilage tissue
Which layer of the skin is responsible for producing new skin cells and contains melanocytes that produce pigment?
epidermis; stratum basale
This type of gland in the integumentary system secretes sebum to lubricate the skin and hair. What is it called?
sebaceous gland
What is the central cavity of
long bones that contain bone
marrow and is involved in fat storage and blood cell production?
medullary cavity
Which type of connective tissue connects muscles to bones and is composed of parallel collagen fibers?
tendon
What part of the skeletal muscle is made of bundles of muscle fibers?
fascicle
What part of a neuron receives electrical signals from other neurons and transmits them toward the cell body?
dendrite
This glial cell type forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system, speeding up signal transmission. What is it called?
oligodendrocytes
a type of glial cell that surrounds neurons, keeping them alive and sometimes covering them with a myelin sheath, and are the major glial cell type in the peripheral nervous system.
Schwann cell
A type of glial cell that surrounds and protects neurons and is involved in the maintenance of the blood-brain barrier. What is it called?
astrocytes
What is the name of the protective layer that surrounds the axons of neurons in the central nervous system and increases the speed of electrical impulses?
myelin sheath
Which part of the skeletal
muscle fiber is the contractile unit responsible for muscle contraction?
sarcomere
What is the term for the connective tissue layer that surrounds each muscle fiber?
endomysium
What is the name of the space between the myelin sheath and the axon, where action potentials are rapidly conducted?
nodes of Ranvier
What is the term for the region where two neurons communicate, using neurotransmitters to transmit signals?
synapse
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Parts of the brain and brain stem
Modified true or false. Identify the word that makes
the statement false.
Skeletal muscles are involuntary muscles that control movement.
FALSE: voluntary
Modified true or false. Identify the word that makes the statement false.
The hypodermis is the outermost layer of
skin and does not contain blood vessels.
FALSE: Epidermis
Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of internal organs and is involuntary.
TRUE
Glial cells are responsible for transmitting
electrical signals throughout the body.
FALSE: neurons
Glial (Neuroglial) cells do not conduct nerve impulses, but, instead, support, nourish, and protect the neurons.
The autonomic nervous system controls voluntary actions, such as moving muscles.
FALSE: somatic
The autonomic nervous system regulates certain body processes, such as blood pressure and the rate of breathing. This system works automatically (autonomously), without a person’s conscious effort.
The main function of connective tissue is to
bind, support, and protect body organs.
TRUE
Sebaceous glands produce sweat to cool the body.
FALSE: sweat glands
The femur is a type of flat bone.
FALSE: long
Cartilage is avascular
TRUE
The central nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
FALSE: no peripheral nerves
Sensory neurons carry signals from the
brain to muscles and glands.
FALSE: Motor
The sternum (breastbone) is part of the axial skeleton.
TRUE
Ligaments connect bones to muscles.
FALSE: bones to bone
Tendons
The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the body for “fight or flight” responses.
FALSE: sympathetic
Reflexes are processed in the brain.
FALSE:
spinal cord
